This paper presents the results of hydraulic model tests on the stability of rubble mound breakwaters with armour layers of antifer cubes. The tests were performed using irregular waves. The effect of wave parameters and the structure slope on the stability of these artificial armour units has been investigated and the stability formulae have been derived. Finally a comparison between these for...

A set of tools that is being developed for the automated inspection of rubble-mound breakwaters, as well as its application to the survey of Sines' west breakwater armour layer, are described. The results from the IRIS surveys are compared to those of the surveys carried out by the Portuguese Hydrographic Institute and first assessment of the structure evolution between 2000 and 2003 is made.

This study aims to examine the performance of the rock materials in the protective layer of rubble-mound breakwaters in southern Iran, from Rostami Port in Bushehr Province to Beris Port in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Field inspections were carried out on a great number of rubble-mound breakwaters built in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea coastal regions to study the protective layer of these...

Laboratory experiments were performed in the wave flume of Laboratorio di Idraulica e Costruzioni Marittime Università Politecnica delle Marche (Ancona, Italy) to study hydrodynamic performance coastal protection structures made a new type geotextile sand containers (GSCs). Such are used as softer and flexible alternatives traditional hard defenses concrete or rubble mound material. The GSC can...

Toe design is an important task for coastal engineers as it ensures the stability of main armor layer and prevents scour in front slope. Several laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate toe using different testing approaches, i.e. damage due a single test condition cumulative number conditions. In addition, methods measuring reporting are not same some researchers counted only ...