According to the current guidelines, patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) or non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) at risk for sudden cardiac death should undergo implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Although ICDs effectively terminate ventricular arrhythmias, the arrhythmogenic substrate remains unchanged or may progress over time, resulting in recurrent ICD s...

there are different ideas and opinions about the effects of macroeconomic variables on real and nominal variables. to answer the question of whether changes in macroeconomic variables as a political tool is useful over a business cycle, understanding the effect of macroeconomic variables on economic growth is important. in the present study, the bayesian vector autoregresive model and seasonali...

Inappropriate ICD shocks are associated with increased mortality. They also impair patients' quality of life, increase hospitalizations, and raise health-care costs. Nearly 80% of inappropriate ICD shocks are caused by supraventricular tachycardia. Here we report the case of a patient who received a single-lead dual-chamber sensing ICD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death and experien...

During the last few years there has been a renewed analysis in currency unions as form of monetary arrangement. This new interest largely triggered by Euro experience. Scholars and policy makers have asked about optimal number currencies world economy. They analyzed whether different countries satisfy traditional “optimal area” criteria. These include: (a) synchronization business cycle; (b) de...

Sudden cardiac death is a major public health problem, affecting 500,000 patients in the United States annually. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) can terminate malignant ventricular arrhythmias and has been shown to improve survival in high-risk populations. Although sudden cardiac death is a heterogeneous condition, left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 percent or less remain...

BACKGROUND Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), the first line of therapy for preventing sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients, deliver appropriate shocks for termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT)/ventricular fibrillation. A common shortcoming of ICDs is imperfect rhythm discrimination, resulting in the delivery of inappropriate shocks for atrial fibrillation (AF). An unde...

Brugada syndrome is a heritable cause of fatal ventricular arrhythmias in people with otherwise structurally normal hearts. It is diagnosed by the identification of a characteristic ECG pattern in association with certain risk factors [1]. Some risk factors are clinical events likely to be precipitated by ventricular arrhythmias, such as syncope and agonal respirations during sleep. Such patien...

S ince its introduction into mainstream clinical practice in the 1980s, the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has become the treatment of choice for potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. 1 ICDs are recommended by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/ Heart Rhythm Society in select patients as primary prevention to lower the risk of sudden card...

Latin American economies are exposed to substantial external vulnerability. Domestic imbalances and terms of trade shocks are often exacerbated by sudden financial distress. In this paper we explore ways of overcoming external vulnerability drawing lessons from a detailed comparison of the response of Chile and Australia to recent external shocks and from Australia’s historical experience. We a...

struggle upon them. The causes have been many : a victory, a reverse, trench warfare, stalemate, sudden social upheavals, rising of prices, air shocks, atrocities, periods of long waiting for news, lack of nourishment. In conclusion, the very slow return to what we cannot yet call the normal conditions, has left a sad jetsam of permanently disordered minds which will take years to collect, and ...