The words “pain” and “suffering” are so often used together in clinical practice they sometimes seem to merge into a single concept, with clinicians simply referring to “pain-and-suffering.” Writing in the early 1980s, Eric Cassell bemoaned the fact that the medical literature contained very few studies that specifi cally addressed suffering, although there were hundreds of reports that focused...

This paper presents the development of and reactions to a documentary featuring the perceptions that doctors and medical students have about human death and dying. What stands out most overall is the relationship between human death and suffering. The underlying purpose of the documentary is to provide a venue/moment in which to prompt viewers to reflect on human death and dying, and to present...

sources in print and manuscript command respect. The final two chapters deal with Galvani's publication of his definitive views on animal electricity in 1791 and their reception. Stimulating here is Williams' view that Galvani thought about electricity in anatomical terms (although his model was the Leyden jar) whereas Volta, coming from a different direction, saw it quite otherwise. There are ...