We have characterized the behavioural patterns of crayfish during agonistic bouts between groups of crayfish of four different body lengths (9-19, 20-32, 41-48 and 69-75 mm) to characterize changes in the patterns of agonistic encounter during development. The behaviour of both dominant and subordinate animals was analysed by single frame measurement of video recordings. Behavioural acts that o...

This study strived to examine the management of boss-subordinate relationship that has its own effects on commitment workforce banking sector in Rivers State, Nigeria. Poor relationships breeds a poor work climate as well contributes loss employees’ organisational goals. Adopting cross-sectional survey design, this covered all permanent employees and 10 banks were conveniently sampled from 22 o...

Languages differ with respect to the lexicalization of the conceptual distinction between the region SUPERIOR & CONTACT (cf. English on), i.e. in a place which is higher than the place occupied by the landmark and in contact to it, and the region SUPERIOR & NON-CONTACT (cf. English above), i.e. in a place which is higher than the place occupied by the landmark and without contact to it. Both co...

performance appraisal systems are affected by organizational social context. social context consists of tow factors, distal variables, and, proximal variables. distal factors include but are not limited to organizational culture, organizational structure, and, values. proximal variable categorize as both process factors and structural factors. in this paper the process factors were examined. th...

◮ The basic idea: ◮ Syntactic structure consists of lexical items, linked by binary asymmetric relations called dependencies. ◮ In the (translated) words of Lucien Tesnière [Tesnière(1959)]: ◮ The sentence is an organized whole, the constituent elements of which are words. [1.2] Every word that belongs to a sentence ceases by itself to be isolated as in the dictionary. Between the word and its ...

Mobile work is a form of work organization that is gaining ground and affecting many organizations. Mobility increases distance in interpersonal relations. The distance that it generates has major consequences for organizations and for leadership dynamics. This article presents the results of a study that tested the impact of physical distance and psychological distance on the quality of the su...

This study adopts social identity theory (SIT) to examine the post-adoption of computers using a research model that extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with two organizational cultural factors. Individual attitudes toward using computers and perceived behavioral control are TPB personal factors, while subjective norms can be viewed as the social factor. Empirical findings from 400 Ara...

This paper complements the ongoing empirical discussion surrounding participative budgeting by comparing its economic merits relative to a top-down budgeting alternative. We analyze a screening model of participative budgeting where the subordinate uses the budgeting mechanism to relay private information to his superior, in addition to a signaling model of top-down budgeting where the superior...

This qualitative study of 20 General Managers working in Canadian organizations found that understanding the nature of General Manager-subordinate knowledge transfer is critical to understanding how value-creating knowledge is acquired, created, transferred and applied in an organization. The following 10 characteristics of knowledge transfer strategies between GMs and their subordinates were i...