Exploration of the excitability during recovery from previous response of various nerve and muscle preparations has revealed a period of heightened excitability following the relatively refractory period. Since the threshold at this time is found to be lower than subsequently or at rest, this phase has been designated as the supernormal period. This period of enhanced excitability may exist nor...

Local muscle fatigue (1 min maximal voluntary contraction) and recovery were studied by means of surface and invasive EMG on elbow flexors to record the changes in muscle fiber conduction velocity (MFCV), median power frequency (MPF), integrated EMG (IEMG), and force. The main finding was a long-lasting "supernormal" MFCV during recovery, for at least 1 hour. After a normalization phase, the MF...

THE FAILURE of a cardiac impulse to traverse the entire atrioventricular (AV) conducting system is called concealed conduction. Electrocardiographically, the effects of concealed conduction are reflected in the conduction and/or formation of subsequent beats.1 The concept of concealed conduction can be applied to explain (1) post-extrasystolic prolongation of the P-R interval, (2) the irregular...

Miracle tales are didactic stories related to Buddhist figures, objects, and places that describe supernormal occurrences brought about by acts of great piety fervent devotion. They present the audience with concrete examples workings karma, while simultaneously setting verifiable historical precedents in a bid prove religious efficacy Buddhism China. These were also historiographical works, pr...

Experimental posterior uveitis was induced by the inoculation of retinal S-antigen into black hooded Lister rats. The time course of the disease was monitored by electroretinography (ERG), and the ERG changes were correlated with clinical signs and underlying pathological damage. The ERG became supernormal in the third week after inoculation, with some loss of temporal resolution (lowered ERG f...