Sural nerve injury is a complication of Achilles Tendon (TA) rupture. We dissected 30 cadaveric lower limbs to describe the course of the sural nerve in relation to the TA. At the level of insertion of the TA into the calcaneum, the sural nerve was a mean 18.8 mm from the lateral border of the TA. The proximal course of the nerve was towards the midline such that it crossed the lateral border o...

BACKGROUND The medial sural (medial gastrocnemius) perforator flap is a thin flap with a long pedicle. It has tremendous potential for applications in a variety of soft-tissue defects. We aimed to further clarify the vascular anatomy of the medial sural region and establish a safe approach for elevation of this flap. METHODS Ten fresh cadaveric lower limbs were injected and used in this study...

Although a large body of evidence has shown that peripheral nerve injury usually induces neuropathic pain, there are also clinical studies demonstrating that injury of the sural nerve, which almost only innervates skin, fails to do so. The underlying mechanism, however, is largely unknown. In the present work, we found that the transection of either the gastrocnemius-soleus (GS) nerve innervati...

OBJECTIVE to present some cases from our service and to confirm that sural and lateral supramalleolar flaps are good options for covering the soft tissues of the foot and ankle. METHODS twenty-two flaps were constructed in 21 patients of ages ranging from 15 to 72 years. Male patients predominated (66.6%) and in 47.6% of the cases the injury resulted from accidents involving motorcycles. RE...

Injuries to peripheral nerve fibers induce neuropathic pain. But the involvement of adjacent uninjured fibers to pain is not fully understood. The present study aims to investigate the possible contribution of Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels in uninjured afferent nerve fibers to neuropathic pain in rats with spared nerve injury (SNI). Aβ-, Aδ- and C-fibers of the uninjured sural nerve were sensi...

Using surface electrodes, sensory nerve action potentials (SAP) have been recorded in the proximal segment (mid-calf to lateral malleolus) and the distal segment (lateral malleolus to toe 5) of the sural nerve and in the median nerve in 79 control subjects. The values obtained for the distal segment of the sural nerve varied widely and in seven apparently normal subjects no SAP could be disting...

The distally based sural island flap was first described by Masquelet, et al., in 1992. It is a skin island flap supplied by the vascular axis of the sural nerve. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that it can be applied in coverage of difficult wound in the lower third of the leg. We treated nine patients with nine distally based sural island flaps. All the flaps survived, most of the fla...

Introduction: The heel has two parts, weight bearing and non-weight bearing part. Soft tissue heel reconstruction has been a challenge due to its complex nature of anatomy, weight bearing part of foot and the mechanism of injury requiring reconstruction. The pattern of injury includes from simple laceration to a complex wound with loss of soft tissue and fracture involving various degrees of ca...

Background & Aims: Distal leg, ankle and foot injuries are relatively common; and because of lack of soft tissue and poor blood supply in these areas, one of the common problems in these patients is soft tissue necrosis. Exposed orthopedic implants can be used as open reduction internal fixator (ORIF) in these regions. Methods: During 2013-2014, 14 patients (11 men and 3 women) with a mean age ...