Land aridity has been projected to increase with global warming. Such projections are mostly based on off-line aridity and drought metrics applied to climate model outputs but also are supported by climate-model projections of decreased surface soil moisture. Here we comprehensively analyze soil moisture projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, including surface, tota...

[1] Incoming radiation forcing at the land surface is partitioned among the components of the surface energy balance in varying proportions depending on the time scale of the forcing. Based on a land-atmosphere analytic continuum model, a numerical land surface model, and field observations we show that high-frequency fluctuations in incoming radiation (with period less than 6 h, for example, d...

Soil profiles are often many meters deep, but with the majority of studies in soil microbiology focusing exclusively on the soil surface, we know very little about the nature of the microbial communities inhabiting the deeper soil horizons. We used phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to examine the vertical distribution of specific microbial groups and to identify the patterns of microbial ...

local site conditions have a strong effect on ground response during earthquakes. two important soil parameters that control the amplification effects of seismic motions by a soil column are the soil hysteretic damping ratio and shear wave velocity. this paper presents the results of in situ damping ratio measurements performed using continuous surface wave attenuation data at a site in semnan ...

this study determined some spectral characteristics and relationship between landsat spectral reflectance and soil surface color in the arid region of iran (kashan). the study carried out in the kashan area that covers 90000 ha. consisting of mountain, hills and flood plain. enhanced thematic mapper (etm+) data collected on july 2002 were used for this research. the color composite images produ...

Soil moisture satellite mission accuracy, repeat time and spatial resolution requirements are addressed through a numerical twin data assimilation study. Simulated soil moisture profile retrievals were made by assimilating near-surface soil moisture observations with various accuracy (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10%v/v standard deviation) repeat time (1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days), and spatial r...

Geochemical and biological processes that operate in the soil matrix and on the soil surface are important to the degradation of biosolids in soil. Due to the large surface area of soils it is assumed that the microbial ecology is associated with mineral soil surface area. The total mineral surface areas were determined for soils from eight different fields selected from a long term study (1972...

this study was conducted to characterize the reactivity of carbonates in the surface horizons of 20 soils (entisols and aridisols) from central region of iran. the samples were analyzed for calcium carbonate equivalent (cce), active calcium carbonate equivalent (acce), non-active calcium carbonate equivalent (n.acce), carbonate mineralogy and surface area of carbonates (ssa) through n2 adsorpti...

Soil hydrology is highly nonlinear. As surface soil becomes To characterize the subgrid variability in surface hydrology at saturated with water, excess water runs off in streams. If the the SGP site, we drive a land surface model (the parameters that influence surface soil water vary widely within Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme [BATS]; Dickinson a general circulation model (GCM) grid cel...