Pulmonary surfactant is an essential lipid-protein complex that stabilizes the respiratory units (alveoli) involved in gas exchange. Quantitative or qualitative derangements in surfactant are associated with severe respiratory pathologies. The integrated regulation of surfactant synthesis, secretion, and metabolism is critical for air breathing and, ultimately, survival. The goal of this review...

Modified natural surfactant preparations, used for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, contain phospholipids and the hydrophobic surfactant protein (SP)-B and SP-C. Herein, the individual and combined effects of SP-B and SP-C were evaluated in premature rabbit fetuses treated with airway instillation of surfactant and ventilated without positive end-expiratory press...

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a frequent, life-threatening disease in which a marked increase in alveolar surface tension has been repeatedly observed. It is caused by factors including a lack of surface-active compounds, changes in the phospholipid, fatty acid, neutral lipid, and surfactant apoprotein composition, imbalance of the extracellular surfactant subtype distributi...

Electron microscopical examination of gas gland cells of the physostome European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and of the physoclist perch (Perca fluviatilis) revealed the presence of significant numbers of lamellar bodies, which are known to be involved in surfactant secretion. In the perch, in which the gas gland is a compact structure and gas gland cells are connected to the swim bladder lumen via...

Streptococcus pyogenes, also referred to as group A Streptococcus (GAS), is an exclusive human pathogen causing diseases ranging from uncomplicated infections of the throat and skin to severe invasive infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Asymptomatic carriage, particularly in the nasoand oropharyngeal mucosa, is common. GAS is equipped with an...

A combination of exogenous surfactant and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perfluorocarbons should enhance gas exchange, improve respiratory mechanics and reduce tissue damage of the lung in acute lung injury (ALI). We used a small dose of exogenous surfactant with and without PLV in an experimental model of ALI and studied the effects on gas exchange, haemodynamics, lung mechanics, and lu...

signifi cant and prolonged lung reaeration after intratracheal bolus instillation of porcine-derived surfactant. In this substudy of a larger randomized controlled trial of patients with acute lung injury [2], the investigators elegantly demonstrate increased volumes of gas in poorly and non-aerated lung of patients who were treated with surfactant as compared with patients who received routine...

BACKGROUND Several concepts of treatment in neonatal ARDS have been proposed in the last years. The present study compared the effects of open lung concept positive pressure ventilation (PPVOLC) with a conventional ventilation strategy combined with administration of two different surfactant preparations on lung function and surfactant homoeostasis. METHODS After repeated whole-lung saline la...

The renewable energy resources rule the world of power generation. Now-a-days wind farms are encouraged for up gradation of energy production, as the wind power is dirt free, readily available renewable alternative. The integration of wind farms with power grid leads to Power Quality (PQ) issues such as voltage sag, swell, flicker, harmonics etc. Most of the industrial and commercial loads are ...

The removal of washed and standardized Escherichia coli from distilled-water suspension by foam separation with nitrogen gas and 30 mug/ml of ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium bromide surfactant was increased by increasing the gas rate from 4.3 to 9.3 liters per min and by lowering the port level at which foam was removed from 60.4 to 20.4 cm, but with concomitant increases in foam volumes. The co...