Abstract We are standing at the crossroads of powerful new facilities emerging in next decade on ground and space like ELT, SKA, JWST, Athena. Turning narrative star formation potential galaxies into a quantitative theory will provide answers to many outstanding questions astrophysics, from planets evolution origin heavy elements. To achieve this goal, there is an urgent need for dedicated spac...

One of tile most conspicuous features noted by the astronauts during examination of Surveyor on the Moon and later during examination of the returned hardware in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) was the change in color. The overall tan color was in sharp contrast to the stark white paint and shiny metallic surfaces of Surveyor before launch (and to that on the model used by the astronauts d...

Over the last decade there has been a resurgence of awareness that poor medicine quality is a vitally important, but neglected, public health issue. A growing number of studies have highlighted the importance of drug quality with examples from all over the world. This is an important problem, not only for antimalarials but for all types of medication. The use of poor quality medicines can resul...

This paper describes the control system design concepts for the Mars Volatiles and Climate Surveyor (MVACS) Robotic Arm which supports the scientiic investigations to be conducted as part of the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander project. Solutions are presented to some of the problems encountered in this demanding space application with its tight constraints on mass, power, volume, and computing resourc...