The aim of this work was to detect serum antibodies specific to influenza viruses in swine in Brazil. Serum samples of 355 pigs from 17 herds in Minas Gerais state were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for antibodies against H1N1 swine (SIV) and human influenza viruses, and H3N2 SIV. HI revealed that 158 animals (44·5%) and 11 herds (64·7%) were positive for H1N1 SIV, 36 animals (10·1...

swine flue is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease caused by a subtype of influenza a virus. herein we present three patients with h1n1 infection complicated with pulmonary thromboembolism. the patients had chest pain and unexplained dyspnea. imaging studies showed bilateral hilar predominance. computed tomographic angiography confirmed bilateral thromboembolism (an unusual presentatio...

Swine have often been considered as a mixing vessel for different influenza strains. In order to assess their role in more detail, we undertook a retrospective sequencing study to detect and characterize the reassortants present in European swine and to estimate the rate of reassortment between H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes with Eurasian (avian-like) internal protein-coding segments. We analysed...

Influenza has been recognized as a respiratory disease in swine since its first appearance concurrent with the 1918 „„Spanish flu‟‟ human pandemic. All influenza viruses of significance in swine are type A, subtype H1N1, H1N2, or H3N2 viruses. Swine Influenza is a respiratory disease of pig caused by Type A influenza viruses. Influenza A causes moderate to severe illness and affects all age gro...

A phase 6 alert has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in response to the ongoing global spread of the influenza H1N1 virus in humans. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this pandemic strain evolves from reassortment of swine viruses. The objective of this research is to conduct a series of bioinformatics analyses to characterize currently circulating pandemic influenza v...

BACKGROUND Human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic H1N1 2009 [A(H1N1)pdm09] virus in pig populations resulted in reassortment events with endemic swine influenza viruses worldwide. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether A(H1N1)pdm09-derived reassortant viruses are present in South Korea and sought to determine the pathogenic potential of the novel swine viruses. METHODS Pig lung tissues were...

Although the 2009 Swine flu (H1N1) pandemic has apparently been abolished, there are still lessons to be learnt. We reviewed the clinical and pathological manifestations of CNS involvement of influenza A virus infection. Neurologic disorders were most commonly seen as underlying medical conditions in swine flu, and neurological complications of the H1N1 vaccination. The major point with regard ...

Influenza A viruses are endemic in many animal species, including humans, swine, and wild birds, and sporadic cases of transmission of influenza A viruses between humans and animals do occur, including human infections with avian-origin influenza A viruses (i.e., H5N1 and H7N7) and swine-origin influenza A viruses (i.e., H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2). Genetic analysis can distinguish animal origin infl...

Since the beginning of January 2008 sporadic cases of infections in humans caused by influenza A (H1N1) virusresistant to available anti-influenza drugs have been reported worldwide [1,2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) in its report published on 18 March 2009 indicated that during weeks 1-4 (28 December 08-24 January 09), the level of overall influenza activity in the world increased. Dur...

Swine influenza viruses possessing avian genes were first detected in Europe in 1979 (Scholtissek et al., 1983, Virology, 129, 521-523) and continue to circulate in pigs in that region of the world. To characterize the molecular epidemiology of swine influenza viruses currently circulating in Europe, we used dot-blot hybridization and sequence analysis to determine the origin of the genes encod...