In this article, we present a specific shape of disk laser which is side-pumped by four non-symmetric hollow- ducts. The use of non-symmetric hollow duct based on two goals of the uniformity of the pump light distribution profile and the homogeneity of pump light profile through the disk. First of all we simulated the pump light distribution in the disk by using Monte-Carlo ray tracing method. ...

The BFT approach is used to formulate the electronic states in graphene through a non-commutative space in the presence of a constant magnetic field B for the first time. In this regard, we introduce a second class of constrained system, which is not gauge symmetric but by applying BFT method and extending phase space, the second class constraints  converts  to the first class constraints so th...

Let H denote the hypergeometric 3F2 function over Fp whose three numerator parameters are quadratic characters and whose two denominator parameters are trivial characters. In 1992, Koike posed the problem of evaluating H at the argument 1/4. This problem was solved by Ono in 1998. Ten years later, Evans and Greene extended Ono’s result by evaluating an infinite family of 3F2(1/4) over Fq in ter...