BACKGROUND Systematic reviews (SRs) should be up to date to maintain their importance in informing healthcare policy and practice. However, little guidance is available about when and how to update SRs. Moreover, the updating policies and practices of organizations that commission or produce SRs are unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The objective was to describe the updating practices a...

Background The annual number of retracted publications in the scientific literature is rapidly increasing. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and reason for retraction of cancer publications and to determine how journals in the cancer field handle retracted articles. Methods We searched three online databases (MEDLINE, Embase, The Cochrane Library) from database incept...

The goal of privacy metrics is to measure the degree of privacy enjoyed by users in a system and the amount of protection offered by privacy-enhancing technologies. In this way, privacy metrics contribute to improving user privacy in the digital world. The diversity and complexity of privacy metrics in the literature makes an informed choice of metrics challenging. As a result, redundant new me...

Successive Difference Replication (SDR) is a method of variance estimation under systematic sampling. The method has been used at the US Census Bureau for important studies including the Current Population Survey and the American Community Survey. The statistical properties of SDR are evaluated in the context of other variance estimators applicable to single-phase systematic sampling. A simulat...

Due to advancements in technology, digital images are widely used various applications like medical field, military communication, remote sensing, etc. These may contain sensitive and confidential information. Therefore, required be protected from unauthorized access. Many image protection techniques have been proposed past years. The most common technique protect the is encryption. In this tec...