The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a well-recognized phenomenon that consists of bradycardia, arterial hypotension, apnea, and gastric hypermotility. It occurs particularly during ocular surgery and during other manipulations in and around the orbit. The parasympathetic supply to the face is carried in the trigeminal nerve. Alternative afferent pathways must exist via the maxillary and/or man...

Although liver dysfunction is not considered the main organ pathology or prognostic factor in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), it is not uncommon during the course of SLE. Liver complications in patients with SLE may be caused by lupus hepatitis (SLE-related hepatitis); autoimmune liver diseases, such as Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC); viral hepa...

The toxic shock syndrome, septic shock, pulmonary oedema, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were recognised in four children with bacterial tracheitis. ARDS has not previously been reported in association with bacterial tracheitis. Prompt recognition of the severe systemic complications of bacterial tracheitis could lead to a decrease in the morbidity and mortality of this cond...

Carbon monoxide (CO) has the toxic effects of tissue hypoxia and produces various systemic and neurological complications. The main clinical manifestations of acute CO poisoning consist of symptoms caused by alterations of the cardiovascular system such as initial tachycardia and hypertension, and central nervous system symptoms such as headache, dizziness, paresis, convulsion and unconsciousne...