A biologically based dose-response (BBDR) model was developed for dietary iodide and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in adult rats. This BBDR-HPT axis model includes submodels for dietary iodide, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the thyroid hormones, T(4) and T(3). The submodels are linked together via key biological processes, including (1) the influence of T(4) on TSH prod...

Cyanation of aryl-, diaryldimethyl-, and styrylsilanes was developed for the first time under copper-mediated oxidative conditions using ammonium iodide and DMF as the combined source of nitrogen and carbon atom of the introduced cyano unit, respectively. The reaction was observed to proceed in a two-step process: initial conversion of organosilanes to their iodo intermediates and then cyanatio...

Herein, we have reported the facile synthesis of various benzimidazole / benzothiazole by using DBU-Iodine-Iodide as a green and simple catalyst. The R2NH+I3 complexes been formed reacting an aqueous mixture ammonium iodide molecular iodine with solution amine. structure has confirmed spectroscopic techniques. prepared amine-iodine screened catalyst in benzothiazoles. Among DBUH+I3complex found...

Magnetic nanoparticles-supported quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts were prepared and evaluated as phase-transfer catalysts. Some of them exhibited good activities that were comparable to that of tetra-n-butylammonium iodide. The catalysts were readily separated using an external magnet and reusable without significant loss of their catalytic efficiency.

A novel ammonium iodide-induced sulfonylation of alkenes with DMSO and water toward the synthesis of vinyl methyl sulfones is described. The process proceeded smoothly under metal-free conditions with high stereoselectivity and good functional group tolerance. The reaction mechanism was revealed to proceed through a domino reaction of oxidation and elimination after the radical addition to alke...

Halogen bonding (XB) opens avenues to supramolecular assemblies. Here, we report XB-driven assemblies of quaternary ammonium iodide (QAI)-containing polymers in three (solution, surface, and solid) phases. In the solution, QAI-containing block copolymers form unique self-assembly structures such as micrometer-sized giant vesicles (up 5-μm diameter) a 1-dimensional (1D) structure with multiple i...

The title azaazulene 3 was synthesized either by reaction of tropone with N-{(2-pyridyl)acetyl}pyridinium iodide in the presence of ammonium acetate or by palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings between 2-halo-1-azaazulene and 2-substituted pyridine. The compound shows relatively stronger basicity compared with 2,2’-bipyridyl. While 3 showed no emission from the S1 state but from the S2 state like ...