Bois noir, an economically important disease of grapevine yellows that causes significant economic losses in wine production, is associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ and transmitted to grapevines by cixiids Hyalesthes obsoletus Reptalus panzeri. Polyphagous planthopper Dictyophara europaea, commonly found natural habitats, harbors phytoplasmas from distinct groups alternative vector ...

The present study established an efficient genome editing approach for the construction of stable transgenic cell lines of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Our objectives were to facilitate the breeding of high-yield, high-quality chicken strains, and to investigate gene function in chicken stem cells. Three guide RNA (gRNAs) were designed to knockout the C2EIP gene, and knockou...

We wish to describe how the hyperbolic geometry of a Riemann surface of genus g y g > 2, leads to a symplectic geometry on Tg, the genus g Teichmüller space, and ~Mg, the moduli space of genus g stable curves. The symplectic structure has three elements: the Weil-Petersson Kahler form, the FenchelNielsen vector fields t+, and the geodesic length functions I*. Weil introduced a Kahler metric for...

Current-induced effective magnetic fields can provide efficient ways of electrically manipulating the magnetization of ultrathin magnetic heterostructures. Two effects, known as the Rashba spin orbit field and the spin Hall spin torque, have been reported to be responsible for the generation of the effective field. However, a quantitative understanding of the effective field, including its dire...

In mobile ad hoc networks, there is no fixed infrastructure to observe or assign the resources used by the mobile nodes. The nonexistence of any essential controller makes the routing a versatile one compared to cellular networks. The Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing algorithm is a routing protocol intended for ad hoc mobile devices. Due to quick changes of network structure the ...

Motivation Protein fold classification is a critical step in protein structure prediction. There are two possible ways to classify protein folds. One is through template-based fold assignment and the other is ab-initio prediction using machine learning algorithms. Combination of both solutions to improve the prediction accuracy was never explored before. Results We developed two algorithms, H...

Support vector machine (SVM) is a popular classification technique with many diverse applications. Parameter determination and feature selection significantly influences the classification accuracy rate and the SVM model quality. This paper proposes two novel approaches based on: Microcanonical Annealing (MA-SVM) and Threshold Accepting (TA-SVM) to determine the optimal value parameter and the ...

This paper summarizes the main areas of research within TA Weinberg, namely an investigation into code review ability and personality; an investigation into code comprehension and personality; and an investigation into the results from an online programming competition and personality. With regard to code review, it was discovered that there is a relationship between code review ability and per...

While the social economy originated in Europe (Desroche, 1983; Gueslin, 1997; Vienney, 1994), by the nineteenth century it emerged in North America as well, particularly in Canada and Quebec with its ties to the United Kingdom and France as well as other European countries, especially Germany and Belgium. Today, it is interesting to explore the renewal of the social economy in Europe and in Can...