Frontal asymmetry measured at rest using EEG is considered a stable marker of approach-avoidance behaviors and risk taking. We examined whether without salient cues of attention in the form of losses, predictability is reduced. Fifty-seven participants performed an experiential decision task in a gain-only, loss-only, and mixed (gains and losses) condition. Increased risk taking on the part of ...

Past empirical work suggests that aging is associated with decreases in risk taking. But are such effects universal? Life-history theory suggests that the link between age and risk taking is a function of specific reproductive strategies that can be more or less risky depending on the ecology. We assessed variation in the age-risk curve using World Values Survey data from 77 countries (N = 147,...

Two conflicting tendencies can be seen throughout the biological world: individuality and collective behaviour. Natural selection operates on differences among individuals, rewarding those who perform better. Nonetheless, even within this milieu, cooperation arises, and the repeated emergence of multicellularity is the most striking example. The same tendencies are played out at higher levels, ...

The movement of humanity, arising as it does from innumerable arbitrary human wills, is continuous. To understand the laws of this continuous movement is the aim of history. . . . Only by taking infinitesimally small units for observation (the differential of history, that is, the individual tendencies of men) and attaining to the art of integrating them (that is, finding the sum of these infin...

This article deals with the special demands on occupational medicine due to the changes of work and of tasks at workplaces. Conclusions for research in occupational medicine are drawn from these processes. They are discussed on the basis on an analysis of literature from the years 1980-1998. Focus of future research in the field of occupational medicine is developed by taking international tend...

a study of the larger standard works. The book may be divided into four sections, (1) normal psychology, (2) psycho-pathology, (3) the neuroses and psychoses?including mental deficiency, (4) a concluding section, dealing with the legal aspects of insanity, and with case taking, and mental hygiene. In the chapter entitled "Theories of the Neuroses" the teachings of Freud and of Jung are briefly ...

Conflicts over resources can be resolved in many ways, from fighting to sharing. We introduce here a very simple mechanism for implicitly taking turns, the 2-turntaking rule. Agents adjust their tendencies to fight over a resource based on previous encounter outcomes. Agents possessing this mechanism are shown to be effective in competition with agents lacking the mechanism, indicating that the...

In the article the changes associated with construction of machines used in die and die-less sheet metal forming have been presented. The selected future directions of development in new technologies and machines for sheet metal forming taking into account modern blank holding systems in the process of deep drawing have been indicated. Also the tendencies in introduction of new technologies and...