The surgeon and the radiation therapist share the primary responsibility for the maintenance of local control in the management of carcinoma of the rectum. Usually, radiation therapy is used to control microscopic disease, while surgery is employed to control macroscopic disease. For ionizing radiation to be effective, targeted tissues must be well oxygenated. Likewise, the risk of local recurr...

Radiation therapy is the therapeutic modality in which high energy radiations are used to kill tumor cells [1]. Conventional radiation therapy is a whole body radiation process resulting in numerous side effects, highlighting the need to identify alternative targeted therapy [1]. BNCT is a targeted therapy in which cancer cells accumulate boron and are subsequently bombarded with neutrons [2]. ...

More than 50% of all cancer patients receive radiation therapy. The clinical delivery of curative radiation dose is strictly restricted by the proximal healthy tissues. We propose a dual-targeting strategy using vessel-targeted-radiosensitizing gold nanoparticles and conformal-image guided radiation therapy to specifically amplify damage in the tumor neoendothelium. The resulting tumor vascular...

Small radiolabeled molecules are finding increasing clinical use for targeted radionuclide therapy. With the administration of radiolabeled small molecules, the bone marrow is not necessarily the first organ to show radiation toxicity. Rapid excretion of radioactivity through the urinary tract and the retention of radiolabeled small-protein molecules in the kidneys may expose the kidneys to rad...

Cancer is a genetic disease, grows exponentially with the development of intrinsic and acquired treatment resistance. Past decade has witnessed a considerable progress towards the treatment and understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer and together with advances in early detection and various treatment modalities. Radiation therapy is an integral part of cancer treatment armamentarium. In d...

the radiobiological effects of high atomic number and energy (hze particles) ion beams are of interest for radioprotection in space and tumor radiotherapy. space radiation mainly consists of heavy charged particles from protons to iron ions, which is distinct from common terrestrial forms of radiation. hze particles pose a significant cancer risk to astronauts on prolonged space missions. with ...

Evidence-based medicine integrates the best available data in decision making, with the goal of minimizing physicians' and patients' subjectivity. In 2006, the American Society of Clinical Oncology edited clinical practice guidelines for the use of larynx preservation strategies. The objective of this review was to evaluate the current levels of evidence for glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Cur...

Production and approval of trastuzumab (Herceptin®) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) was a millstone in antibody-based targeted therapy in the cancer treatment. However, despite the early success in the clinical trials, trastuzumab failed to appreciate the initial attraction due to development of resistance to the drug. The majority of patients who benefit from the drug...

BACKGROUND The fundamental principles of internal targeted alpha therapy forcancer were established many decades ago.The high linear energy transfer (LET) ofalpha radiation to the targeted cancer cellscauses double strand breaks in DNA. Atthe same time, the short range radiation spares adjacent normal tissues. This targeted approach complements conventional external beam radiotherapy and chemot...

Cancer is one of the most dangerous health problems of today modern societies which has an increasing rate especially in developing countries. There are many diverse ongoing treatment attempts trying to defeat cancer. Despite that, scientists have been unable to find a permanent cure for this disease. In many cases although there is a successful first response in patients, cancer cells are fina...