rayleigh-taylor (rt) instability has a growing importance in many fields including aircraft industry and astrophysics. the development and the growth of rt instability were investigated using sinusoidal disturbances with different wavelength at the interface of two fluids. numerical simulations were performed by solving navier-stokes unsteady equations with the vof formulation. results of the 2...

The genetic relationship between sympatric, morphologically divergent populations of anadromous and lake-resident three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus in the Jim Creek drainage of Cook Inlet, Alaska, was examined using microsatellite loci and mitochondrial d-loop sequence data. Resident samples differed substantially from sympatric anadromous samples in the Jim Creek drainage with th...

Limestone springs support productive ecosystems and fisheries, yet aquaculture may modify or impair these ecosystems. We determined trout hatchery organic contribution to spring creek sediments and foodwebs with natural abundance stable isotope methods. Hatchery feed, waste, and trout were significantly enriched in delta(13)C relative to autotrophs and wild fish. Spring creek sediments were enr...

An initial reclamation of the Young Dong coal mine site, located in northeastern South Korea, was completed in 1995. Despite the filling of the adit with limestone, acid rock drainage (ARD) enters Young Dong tributary and is then discharged to Imgok Creek. This ARD carries an average of 500 mg CaCO(3)/l of mineral acidity, primarily as Fe(II) and Al. Before spring runoff, the flow of Imgok Cree...

The Wooley Creek batholith and Slinkard pluton are adjacent plutons with identical U-Pb zircon ages of 161 +4/-2 Ma. The plutons dip toward each other, which suggests that they are connected in the subsurface. Geologic and thermochemical evidence shows that the Slinkard pluton is the structurally lowest part of the system and the Wooley Creek batholith the structurally highest, with a total str...

Traits that increase reproductive success, such as body size and sexual dimorphism, may compromise survival, leading to opposing pressures of natural and sexual selection. Discrete populations exposed to different balances between selective forces should differ in phenotypic traits associated with natural and sexual selection. We used two proximate populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus ne...