E nveloped viruses acquire a lipid membrane when they bud across a cellular membrane during virus assembly. In cell entry, the viral membrane must be fused to the host-cell membrane to deliver the viral genome into the cytoplasm for replication. Membrane fusion is therefore an essential step in the life cycle of enveloped viruses, and a great deal of research in recent years has been directed a...

ABSTRACTAn oxidation stability is very important for a long-term storage of biodiesel. Some physical (density and viscosity) chemical properties (acid value, iodine peroxide value) were analyzed to predict the biodiesel produced from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO). WCO one potential feedstocks in Indonesia, which large cooking oil consumer. Biodiesel was by transesterification process 60 oC temperatur...

The influenza surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is a potential target for antiviral drugs because of its key roles in the initial stages of infection: receptor binding and the fusion of virus and cell membranes. The structure of HA in complex with a known inhibitor of membrane fusion and virus infectivity, tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), shows that the inhibitor binds in a hydrophobic poc...

A significant problem associated with the commercial acceptance of biodiesel is poor oxidative stability. This study investigates the effectiveness of various natural and synthetic antioxidants [a-tocopherol (a-T), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 2, 5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (DTBHQ), ionol BF200 (IB), propylgallate (PG), and pyrogallo...

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) coordinates expression of genes required for free radical scavenging, detoxification of xenobiotics, and maintenance of redox potential. Previously, activation of this pleiotropic response was neuroprotective in cell culture models that simulate components of stroke damage. However, the role of Nrf2 in limiting stroke d...

UNLABELLED Although increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels have proven benefit for people with β-hemoglobinopathies, all current HbF-inducing agents have limitations. We previously reported that drugs that activate the NRF2 antioxidant response signaling pathway increase HbF in primary human erythroid cells. In an attempt to increase HbF levels achieved with NRF2 activators, in the present stu...

Arsenic is widely spread in our living environment and imposes a big challenge on human health worldwide. Arsenic damages biological systems through multiple mechanisms including the generation of reactive oxygen species. The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates the cellular antioxidant response that protects cells from various insults. In this study, the protective role of Nrf2 in arsenic toxic...

Binding of the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in neural cells results in the induction of a battery of genes that can coordinate a protective response against a variety of oxidative stressors. In this study, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and sulforaphane were used as activators of this pathway. Consistent with previous st...

The co-crystal of HA X-31 and a promising small molecule inhibitor, tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) 1 , was solved back in 2008 (PDBID: 3EYM) 8. Visual inspection of the 3EYM's TBHQ binding pocket via Chimera 7 reaffirmed TBHQ's drug-like potential and the interactions noted in Russel et al. The structural differences between Group 1 and Group 2 HA were confirmed using the matchmaker function pr...

a poly(lactic acid) (pla) based nanocomposite active packaging has been developed for the controlled release of tert-butylhydroquinone (tbhq) antioxidant. pla based active films were loaded with tbhq (3%wt) or mixture of modified cellulose nanofiber (mcnf) (8%wt) and tbhq (3%wt) to obtain active and nanocomposite active films, respectively. release studies indicated that the release rate of tbh...