Enhancement of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) specific cytotoxic Tcells mechanisms in an HIV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infected individual seems to improve the clinical picture of an individual by reducing Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) state progression rate. In this paper, we develop a system of deterministic differential equations representing the immune c...

To determine the effect of regulatory T cells on the ratio of Th1/Th2 differentiation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis B patients, FoxP3, the essential transcription factor for Tcells differentiation and function, was knocked down by FoxP3 siRNA, which was affirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction for decreased expression of FoxP3. Then, at different time points,...

We report a 16 year old patient, who was diagnosed with JDM four years ago with severe muscle weakness and skin involvement. Despite therapy including methotrexate, steroids, immunoglobulins, cyclosporine A and rituximab a sustained remission could not be achieved. The patient developed progressive contractures due to persistent inflammatory reactions. Due to treatment-refractory disease immuno...

In Africa, where more than 25 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, malnutrition and food insecurity are endemic. Today, nearly 40% of African children < 5 years old are stunted due to chronic nutritional deprivation. Underweight, an indicator of chronic and acute malnutrition, was the leading cause of mortality worldwide, responsible for 3.7 million deaths in 2000. Nearly half of these deat...

The nature of the regulatory cell types that dominate in any given tumor is not understood at present. Here, we addressed this question for regulatory T cells (Treg) and type II natural killer T (NKT) cells in syngeneic models of colorectal and renal cancer. In mice with both type I and II NKT cells, or in mice with neither type of NKT cell, Treg depletion was sufficient to protect against tumo...

a The Webb-Waring Institute, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Ave, Denver, CO, USA b The Barbara Davis Childhood Diabetes Center, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO, USA c UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, USA d TheDepartmentofMedicine,University of C...

Central memory CD8+ T cells (TCM) play key roles in the protective immunity against infectious agents, cancer immunotherapy, and adoptive treatments of malignant and viral diseases. CD8+ TCM cells are characterized by specific phenotypes, homing, and proliferative capacities. However, CD8+ TCM-cell generation is challenging, and usually requires CD4+ CD40L+ T-cell “help” during the priming of n...