Although several primate cell types have been reported to support replication of hepatitis A virus, optimal conditions for the isolation and production of quantities of virus have not been defined. We therefore examined seven different primate cell types for their ability to support replication of primate-passaged and wild-type virus as reflected by intracytoplasmic accumulation of viral antige...

Three different rapid strip tests: TRU RSV, BinaxNOW RSV and RSV Respi-strip were compared with RT-PCR and ELISA BRSV Ag for the ability to detect bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in nasal swabs collected from calves experimentally vaccinated with live vaccine Rispoval RS-PI3. The reference strains of BRSV (375 and A51908) were detected by ELISA BRSV Ag whereas the strains of human res...

Clinical observations made after immunising volunteers with a live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine are described. The candidate vaccine was prepared with the HM175 strain of hepatitis A virus and shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious in experimental animals. When the candidate vaccine was tested by oral administration in humans at increasing doses--10(4), 10(5), 10(6) and 10(7) median ti...

A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was designed to allow the differentiation of pestiviruses by the expected size of the amplified fragments. One oligonucleotide primer, conserved amongst pestiviruses, and two others specific for either classical swine fever virus (CSFV) or bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), were designed from the 5' non-coding region of the genom...

Feline morbillivirus (FmoPV) is an emerging virus in domestic cats and considered to be one of the causes of chronic renal failure in cats. In this study, we established a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the detection of FmoPV. The results indicated that the detection limit of the assay was 10 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/ml in the ...

In a previous study we obtained and characterized in vitro a novel pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant named gIp2 with a TK, gI/gE, 11k and 28k negative phenotype and a duplication of PK gene. The main objective of the present study was to determine the safety and efficacy, as a vaccine candidate, of this recombinant PRV. For this purpose, we used 24 PRV seronegative three weeks old piglets that w...

Acute respiratory tract infections are leading causes of morbidity in poultry farms throughout the world. Avian pneumovirus (APV), avian influenza virus (AIV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) have been recognized as the most important pathogens of both chicken and turkeys. Single-virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (sRT-PCR) assays are used extensively to detect these viruse...

Immunosorbent assays are commonly employed as diagnostic tests in human healthcare, veterinary medicine and bioterrorism prevention. These assays, however, often require long incubation times, limiting sample throughput. As an approach to overcome this weakness, this paper examines the use of rotating capture substrates to increase the flux of antigen to the surface, thereby reducing the incuba...

The recent, ongoing epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is caused by enterovirus infection, has affected millions of children and resulted in thousands of deaths in China. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackie A16 (CA16) are the two major distinct pathogens for HFMD. However, EV71 is more commonly associated with neurologic complications and even fatalities. Therefore, simulta...

BACKGROUND Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA-BN, IMVAMUNE) is emerging as a primary immunogen and as a delivery system to treat or prevent a wide range of diseases. Defining the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-BN in key populations is therefore important. METHODS We performed a dose-escalation study of MVA-BN administered subcutaneously in 2 doses, one on day 0 and another on day 28. Twenty-four...