Transdisciplinary research (TDR) can help generate solutions to environmental challenges and enhance the uptake of outputs, thus contributing advance sustainability in social-ecological systems. Our aim is support investment decisions TDR; more specifically, funders, researchers, users decide when why it most likely be worth investing TDR approaches. To achieve our aim, we: 1) define use a deci...

BACKGROUND The effect of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) on first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV-1 needs further study to inform choice of optimum drug regimens. We investigated the effect of TDR on outcome in the first year of cART within a large European collaboration. METHODS HIV-infected patients of any age were included if they started cART (at least three antir...

BACKGROUND Washington, DC, has 2.5% human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, 3.9% among African Americans. Antiretrovirals (ARTs) are the cornerstone for treatment and prevention. Monitoring changes in transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is critical for effective HIV care. METHODS HIV genotype data for individuals enrolled in research studies in metropolitan Washington, D.C., were used to...

BACKGROUND The biomechanical behavior of total disc replacement (TDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) incomplex multiplanar motion is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ACDF or TDR significantly affects in vitro kinematics through a range of complex, multiplanar motions. METHODS Seven human cervical spines from C4-7 were used for thi...

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of potential total disc replacement (TDR) candidates among cervical and lumbar fusion patient populations using strict Food and Drug Administration (FDA) criteria and with relative exclusion criteria removed. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Recent studies suggest that the potential percentage of patients that are candidates f...

© AME Medical Journal. All rights reserved. AME Med J 2017;2:55 amj.amegroups.com In this issue of the Clinical Spine Surgery, Radcliff et al. report on the results of five-year follow-up of reoperation rates in a prospective and randomized trial comparing 2-level lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) vs. fusion. 2-level lumbar TDR is a relatively novel procedure and its role in the surgical trea...

OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistances (TDR) and HIV-1 subtypes in recently infected patients in Catalonia between 2003 and 2005 and to describe the characteristics of these patients according to the presence or absence of TDR and HIV-1 subtype. METHODS After application of the Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Se...

INTRODUCTION The use of thymidine (TdR) and thymidine analogs such as 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine (FLT) as positron emission tomography (PET)-based proliferation markers can provide information on tumor response to treatment. Studies on another TdR analog, 4'-thiothymidine (4DST), suggest that it might be a better PET-based proliferation tracer than either TdR or FLT. 4DST is resistant to the c...