Abstract The application of temperature gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) as an advanced technique for the characterisation polymers is discussed, in comparison to other liquid techniques and particular ubiquitous size exclusion chromatography. Specifically, use reversed-phase TGIC interrogation complex branched normal-phase high-molar mass end-functionalised highlighted.

The static and dynamic properties of skyrmions have recently received increased attention due to the potential application as information carriers for unconventional computing. While current-driven dynamics has been explored deeply, both theoretically experimentally, theory temperature gradient-induced dynamics---skyrmion caloritronics---is still at its early stages development. Here, we move t...

background: nickel-titanium (ni-ti) rotary instrument files are important devices in endodontics in root canal preparation. ni-ti file breakage is a critical and problematic issue and irrigation techniques were applied to decrease risk of file failure root. the aim of the present study was to compare the temperature gradient change of different irrigation solutions with ni-ti rotary instrument ...