OBJECTIVES A study was made to determine the temperature increment at the dental root surface following Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation of the root canal. DESIGN Human canines and incisors previously instrumented to K file number ISO 30 were used. Irradiation was carried out with glass fiber endodontic tips measuring 200 mm in diameter and especially designed for insertion in the root canal. The...

Climate of the Past Discussions is the access reviewed discussion forum of Climate of the Past Summer temperature trend over the past two millennia using air content in Himalayan ice S. Hou, J. Chappellaz, J. Jouzel, P. C. Chu, V. Masson-Delmotte, D. Qin, D. Raynaud, P. A. Mayewski, V. Y. Lipenkov, and S. Kang Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l’Environnement (CNRS-UJF), 54 rue Moliè...

In arid and semi-arid regions, soil surface warming is a considerable phenomenon causing a high thermal gradient which makes water flow intensely. The degree of soil temperature is effective on crop production, plant growth and soil microorganisms. In recent years, the ascending trend of temperature has been substantially noticed by researchers in the issues of pointwise climate change and at w...

Although initial serum albumin level is highly associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, we consider that the dynamic change and trend of albumin after initiation of PD are also essential.We enrolled patients who received PD for more than 3 months from January 1999 to March 2014. We categorized these patients into 2 groups by the difference in se...

This study reassessed Schwartz and Dockery's analysis of daily mortality from nonexternal causes among residents of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, over 8 years, from 1973 to 1980 [American Review of Respiratory Disease 145:600-604 (1992)]. A Poisson regression analysis using the same model found that a 100-microg/m(3) increment in the 48-hr mean concentration of total suspended particulates (TSP) ...

climate change is defined as long term and irreversible changes in the climatic behaviorof a region. many studies have been conducted in different regions of the world on climatechange. the results of these studies show considerable changes in climatic factors especiallyin precipitation and temperature. in this research, the trend of changes in annual and seasonalrainfall and temperature in 24 ...

the aim of this paper is detection of exist of significance climatic trend in west-half of iran. it’s used monthly data of 16 climatic variables on 12 selected synoptic stations in period of 50 years statistic(1951-2000). the variables divided to two temperature and humid groups. the analysis methodology of the study is based on multivariable statistical analysis and box- jenkins forecasting mo...

abstract climate variability empowers critical consequences on sustainability of soil and water resources. in this paper the trend of annual and seasonal time scale of temperature (minimum, maximum, average), relative humidity (minimum, maximum, average), precipitation, wind speed, extreme events, cloudiness, reference evapotranspiration employing mann-kendall and least square errors were studi...

objective: many studies have shown that the level of postoperative distress and anxiety in children is associated with the amount of anxiety during the pre operative period. in this study, we compared the effect of pre-operational attending in a playroom and using play activities on the level of anxiety increment after surgery in an intervention and a control group of iranian children. method: ...