We investigated turning responses in 16 species of fish faced with a vertical-bar barrier through which a learned dummy predator was visible. Ten of these species showed a consistent lateral bias to turn preferentially to the right or to the left. Species belonging to the same family showed similar directions of lateral biases. We performed an independent test of shoaling tendency and found tha...

Many predators and parasites eavesdrop on the communication signals of their prey. Eavesdropping is typically studied as dyadic predator-prey species interactions; yet in nature, most predators target multiple prey species and most prey must evade multiple predator species. The impact of predator communities on prey signal evolution is not well understood. Predators could converge in their pref...

Predator-prey interactions are important drivers in structuring ecological communities. However, despite widespread acknowledgement that individual behaviours and predator species regulate ecological processes, studies have yet to incorporate individual behavioural variations in a multipredator system. We quantified a prevalent predator avoidance behaviour to examine the simultaneous roles of p...

The introduction of predator species into new habitats is an increasingly common consequence of human activities, and the persistence of native prey species depends upon their response to these novel predators. In this study, we examined whether the Largespring mosquitofish, Gambusia geiseri exhibited antipredator behavior and/or an elevation of circulating stress hormones (cortisol) to visual ...

Predator scent induces differing responses in two sympatric macropodids Daniel Ramp*, Ben G. Russell & David B. Croft School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 Australia. *E-mail: [email protected], Telephone: +61 2 9385 2111, Fax: +61 2 9385 1558. Abstract When prey species encounter the scent of a predator they must make a decision on how to...

To examine the indirect effects of fishing on energy allocation in non-target prey species, condition and reproductive potential were measured for five representative species (two-spot red snapper Lutjanus bohar, arc-eye hawkfish Paracirrhites arcatus, blackbar devil Plectroglyphidodon dickii, bicolour chromis Chromis margaritifer and whitecheek surgeonfish Acanthurus nigricans) from three reef...

the tomato leafminer, tuta absoluta (meyrick), is one of the most important pests of tomato, solanum lycopersicum l., in iran. in this research, natural enemies diversity of t. absoluta and proportion of predators or parasitoids density to moth eggs or larvae density on five tomato cultivars including super strain b, super chief, mobil, korral, and early urbana y were studied in an experimental...

the present article deals with the inter specific competition and intra-specific competition among predator populations of a prey-dependent three component food chain model consisting of two competitive predator sharing one prey species as their food. the behaviour of the system near the biologically feasible equilibria is thoroughly analyzed. boundedness and dissipativeness of the system are e...

the modeling investigation in this paper discusses the system level effects of a toxicant on a three species food chain system. in the models, we have assumed that the presence of top predator reduces the predatory ability of the intermediate predator. the stability analysis of the models is carried out and the sufficient conditions for the existence and extinction of the populations under the ...

Direct and indirect interactions between two prey species can strongly alter the dynamics of predator-prey systems. Most predators are cannibalistic, and as a consequence, even systems with only one predator and one prey include two prey types: conspecifics and heterospecifics. The effects of the complex direct and indirect interactions that emerge in such cannibalistic systems are still poorly...