Previous studies in our laboratory showed a synergistic interaction of synthetic ligands selective for the retinoid receptors RAR and RXR in regard to teratogenic effects produced in mice (M. M. Elmazar et al., 2001, TOXICOL: Appl. Pharmacol. 170, 2-9). In the present study the influence of phytol and phytanic acid (a RXR-selective ligand) on the teratogenicity of retinol and the RAR-selective ...

A congenital malformation is an anatomical or structural abnormality present at birth. Congenital malformations may be caused by genetic factors or environmental insults or a combination of the two that occur during prenatal development. Most common congenital malformations demonstrate multifactorial inheritance with a threshold effect and are determined by a combination of genetic and environm...

Number of potential drugs are underutilized due to a lack availability teratological data. Isosorbide Dinitrate is saviour drug in angina prophylaxis while chlorzoxazone skeletal muscle relaxant and there no adequate teratogenic study performed till date. This aims assess the effect these on vital organs using chick embryo model. White Leghorn’s (Gallus gallus domesticus) fertilised chicken egg...

Ethyl carbamate and a series of related compounds were given in single intraperitoneal doses to pregnant Syrian hamsters on Day 8 of gestation, and fetuses were examined for malformations on Day 13 of gestation. Urethan produced a variety of malforma tions and growth retardation. Of the compounds modified in the carboethoxy end, n-propyl carbamate was as teratogenic as the ethyl carbamate, and ...

Ethanol is well known for its teratogenic effects during fetal development. Maternal alcohol consumption allows the developing fetus to experience the detrimental effects of alcohol exposure. Alcohol-mediated teratogenic effects can vary based on the dosage and the length of exposure. The specific mechanism of action behind this teratogenic effect is still unknown. Previous reports demonstrated...

Mistaken perception of teratogenic risk can keep pregnant women from using safe medicines. The current study analyzed women's concepts and perceptions towards teratogenic risk from medicines and exposure to radiotherapy during pregnancy. The quantitative data resulted from interviews with 287 pregnant and non-pregnant women. Two qualitative focus groups were conducted. No significant difference...

Methenamine salts have been traditionally used in the veterinary and human medicine, but its use is sometimes associated with some side effects.Toxicopathological effects of methenamine salt have always been a major concern. There is scantly information available about the lesions of methenamine compound in embryo. The objective of this study was to determine the teratogenic effects of methenam...

Ethyl carbamate and a series of related compounds were given in single intraperitoneal doses to pregnant Syrian hamsters on Day 8 of gestation, and fetuses were examined for malformations on Day 13 of gestation. Urethan produced a variety of malforma tions and growth retardation. Of the compounds modified in the carboethoxy end, n-propyl carbamate was as teratogenic as the ethyl carbamate, and ...

Studies made on aqueous root extract of Selayak Hitam, a plant alleged to possess abortifacient activity in pregnant mothers established that the extract is teratogenic and did in fact cause abortion in mice. It was also observed that the aqueous root extract is relatively toxic as judged by the number of deaths occuring following administration of the extract. The mechanism by which abortion i...

In his comprehensive review, Dr. Rajkumar provides a summary of the current status of thalidomide (Thalomid) therapy in cancer. As discussed in the article, it was the teratogenic effects, particularly phocomelia, that prompted researchers to examine thalidomide’s antitumor activity in the 1960s. Although, the results of early phase I trials of thalidomide as an anticancer agent were disappoint...