The Institute of Financial Commissioner aims at effective pre-trial settlement disputes between financial organizations and services consumers. At the same time, not resolved in this manner are referred to courts general jurisdiction. specifics legal status commissioner, peculiarities nature relations arising when considering a dispute institution consumer stage, gaps regulation result emergenc...

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ovariohysterectomy on vocalization during territorial aggression of German Shepherd dogs. Sixteen clinically healthy dogs of 5 to 10 months old were assigned randomly to one of two groups: ovariohysterectomy or control. Their behaviors and vocalizations induced by the approach of a strange with a strange dog were recorded using digital cam...

Abstract This article argues that international criminal law has not adequately addressed the true dimensions and effects of forced displacement. Often protracted in time, displacement extends well beyond conduct coercively expelling individuals out territory from which they are lawfully present. Preventing those forcibly displaced returning is an essential element as a crime against humanity s...

Behavioral interference between species, such as territorial aggression, courtship, and mating, is widespread in animals. While aggressive and reproductive forms of interspecific interference have generally been studied separately, their many parallels and connections warrant a unified conceptual approach. Substantial evidence exists that aggressive and reproductive interference have pervasive ...

When male investment in mating varies with quality, reliable sexual signals may evolve. In many songbirds, testosterone mediates mating investment, suggesting that signals should be linked to testosterone production. However, because testosterone may change rapidly during behaviour such as territorial aggression and courtship, efforts to establish such a relationship have proved challenging. In...

We have been made aware that the estimate of individual repeatability that we used in our study (i.e. the intraclass correlation coefficient) overestimates repeatability, and that calculating repeatability using the analysis of variance-based method, as described by Lessells & Boag [1]), is a more appropriate estimate. Consequently, we have recalculated repeatability using this more appropriate...

The plurality of international law has led to a cross-cutting relationship between national laws, and legal pluralism favors the regulation persons rather than territory. transcendence territorial doctrine in legislation breaks with framework territorialized order established by Westphalian system that limits jurisdiction In response growth Western foreign intervention, China put forward Anti-F...