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With a few exceptions, the problem of linking item response model parameters from different item calibrations has been conceptualized as an instance of the problem of test equating scores on different test forms. This paper argues, however, that the use of item response models does not require any test score equating. Instead, it involves the necessity of parameter linking due to a fundamental ...

As part of its nonprofit mission, ETS conducts and disseminates the results of research to advance quality and equity in education and assessment for the benefit of ETS's constituents and the field. To obtain a PDF or a print copy of a report, please visit: Abstract The nonequivalent groups with anchor test (NEAT) design involves missing data that are missing by design. Three popular equating m...

Scoring constructed-response items can be highly difficult, time-consuming, and costly in practice. Improvements computer technology have enabled automated scoring of items. However, the application without an investigation test equating lead to serious problems. The goal this study was score mixed-format tests automatically with different test/training data rates investigate indirect effect th...