Background: Adjuvants are used to increase the immunogenicity of new generation vaccines, especially those based on recombinant proteins. Despite immunostimulatory properties, the use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an adjuvant has been hampered due to its toxicity and pyrogenicity. Brucella abortus LPS is less toxic and has no pyrogenic properties compared to LPS from other gram nega...

BACKGROUND Tetanus is a serious but vaccine-preventable disease and fatality rate of the disease is high in the neonates and the elderly. The aim of this study was to detect the tetanus antibody prevalence in the over sixty-year age residents of the nursing homes in Bolu. METHODS A voluntary-based study was done in the residents of two nursing homes in Bolu, Turkey. Blood samples were taken f...

AIM To determine the immunogenicity of routine vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in Asian infants born in the UK, and whether maternal antibody suppression occurs. METHODS A cohort study with 80% power, within 95% confidence limits, to show that 80% or fewer Asian infants would respond with an anti-PRP antibody concentration >0.15 microg/ml. Infa...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cellular immunity abnormalities are associated with sarcoidosis. Normal cellular immunity is required for adequate humoral immunity; therefore, a decreased humoral immune response is possible in patients with sarcoidosis. We evaluated humoral immunity by vaccinating patients with sarcoidosis against tetanus. PATIENTS AND METHOD We screened 60 patients with sarcoidosis...

BACKGROUND Emergency physicians see many people who present to the emergency department stating that they are immunized against tetanus, when in fact, they are not. The patient history is not dependable for determining true tetanus status and simple patient surveys do not provide actual prevalence. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of tetanus status by antibody titer s...

Tetanus antitoxin in human sera was detected with solid-phase immunoassays in microtitration modules coated with tetanus toxoid by using Eu+ -labeled anti-human monoclonal antibodies on the basis of an exactly calibrated antibody standard. The use of a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TR-FIA) significantly improved the quantitative detection of tetanus antitoxin over that of the enzyme-l...

This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of diphtheria-tetanus (Td) vaccine in adults over 40 yr old who had never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccination. A total of 242 subject completed three-doses of Td vaccination and subsequent assays for immunogenicity. Before vaccination, 33.9% and 96.7% participants showed antibody levels of diphtheria and te...

Purpose - to study the state of protection against vaccine-controlled infections in children with primary immunodeficiency (PID) and on immunosuppressive therapy. Materials methods. The object was level intensity humoral immunity viral (measles, rubella) bacterial (diphtheria, tetanus) immunosuppressed patients. Protective levels specific IgG antibodies vaccine antigens were determined 58 20 re...

in an attempt to convert mass vaccination practices to the extended programme on immunization, a sero-evaluation study was carried out in rural iran in 1976. a total of 22 246 rural children of 2-12 years of age were sampled. blood samples taken on filter paper were tested by indirect hemagglutination technique to determine the level of circulating antibodies against tetanus toxoid. tetanus was...