Along with proving the sufficiency of the Qur’ān for the extraction of the religious knowledge, the Qur’ānists have doubted the authenticity and the authoritativeness of the sunna and Ḥadīth. One of their reasons for the inauthenticity of the sunna is the inefficiency of the Ḥadīth evaluation and criticism system. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study first analyzes their mai...

The present corpus-driven study addresses the current situation of translation criticisms published in print or online in the Iranian media. A sample of 17 criticisms (roughly 68,000 words altogether) from a variety of valid media outlets was compiled. Having been categorized into those with, and those without an ex- plicit theoretical framework, the criticisms were examined on two levels...

Most theorists agree that sarcasm serves some communicative function that would not be achieved by speaking directly, such as eliciting a particular emotional response in the recipient. One debate concerns whether this kind of language serves to enhance or mute the positive or negative nature of a message. The role of textual devices commonly used to accompany written sarcastic remarks is also ...

Textual criticism has long existed as part of the hermeneutic discipline. However, many communities reject this approach. Even scientifically, textual provides a new understanding scriptures, especially New Testament. The variants Greek Testament make present to reconstruct original text Nevertheless, on other hand, scientific development deals with doctrine inerrancy Bible. This study attempts...

The Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch is one of the most widely known and beloved texts produced by Chinese Buddhism. However, what makes the Platform Sūtra especially interesting is the fact that uniquely among Chinese Buddhist texts it is extant in a number of editions that differ significantly from one another, spanning the eighth to the thirteenth centuries. Thus the Platform Sūtra is n...