Breast cancer progression and metastasis have been linked to abnormal signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) cytokines. In early-stage breast cancers, TGF-β exhibits tumor suppressor activity by repressing cell proliferation and inducing cell death, whereas in advanced-stage tumors, TGF-β promotes invasion and metastatic dissemination. ...

objective(s):the purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of oxytocin on cisplatin (cp)-induced renal damage in rats. materials and methods: fourteen adult sprague dawley rats, weighing 200 to 210, were administered by cisplatin (cp, 2 mg/kg/day) twice a week for five weeks. then, they were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either saline (1 ml/kg/day...

Background: Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) arrests many cell types in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and upregulates plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). The type I (TGF-βRI) and II (TGF-βRII) TGF-β receptors mediate these and other effects of TGF-β on target cells. TGF-β initially binds to TGF-βRII and subsequently TGF-βRI is recruited to form a heteromeric complex. TGF-βRI phospho...

TGF-β is required for both Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell (Treg) and Th17 commitment. Plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) have been shown to participate to both Treg and Th17 commitment as well. However, few studies have evaluated the direct effect of TGF-β on pDC, and to our knowledge, no study has assessed the capacity of TGF-β-exposed pDC to polarize naive CD4(+) T cells. In this paper, we show that TGF-β-tr...

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is involved in cellular processes including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and homeostasis. Generally, TGF-β is the inhibitor of cell cycle progression and plays a role in enhancing the antagonistic effects of many growth factors. Unlike the antiproliferative effect of TGF-β, E2, an endogeneous estrogen, is stimulating cell proliferation in t...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated pulmonary pressure and carries a very poor prognosis. Understanding of PAH pathogenesis needed to support the development new therapeutic strategies. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) drives vascular remodeling increases resistance regulating differentiation proliferation smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Also, sphing...

The nature of host-virus interactions in hepatitis B virus infection is incompletely understood. Since soluble factors, e.g., cytokines and metals, may exacerbate liver injury in chronic hepatitis, we considered that defining the effects of receptor-mediated signaling upon viral replication will be significant. Consequently, we studied effects of iron or TGF-β-induced TGF-β/BMP signaling in the...

Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in addition to the C-terminal region can phosphorylate receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) in their linker region. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of signaling mediators such as NAD(P)H oxidases (reactive oxygen species [ROS] generators), ROS, and ROS-sensitive p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) in this signaling ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS TGF-β plays a key role in the progression of various tumors. The main objective of our study was to investigate whether TGF-β is able to regulate N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in a mouse model by inducing Treg cell polarization. METHODS HCC progression, TGF-β and Foxp3 expression levels, serum TGF-β, IL10 and GP73 levels as well...