Differentiated CD4(+) T cells preserve plasticity under various conditions. However, the stability of Th1 cells is unclear, as is whether Th1 cells can convert into Th17 cells and thereby contribute to the generation of IFN-γ(+) IL-17(+) CD4(+) T cells, the number of which correlates with severity of colitis. We investigated whether IFN-γ(+) Th1 cells can convert into Th17 cells under intestina...

IL-12, which is produced in response to intracellular bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, promotes the development of pathogen-specific Th1 cells that play an important role in host defense. However, it has also been known that CD44(high) memory-phenotype CD4 T cells with Th1 functions naturally occur in naive mice, and that lymphopenia-induced proliferation of naive CD4 T cells generates...

Differentiated T helper (Th) cell lineages are thought to emerge from alternative cell fate decisions. However, recent studies indicated that differentiated Th cells can adopt mixed phenotypes during secondary immunological challenges. Here we show that natural primary immune responses against parasites generate bifunctional Th1 and Th2 hybrid cells that co-express the lineage-specifying transc...

Following acute infection in some mouse models, CD4+ memory T cells steadily decline over time. Conversely, in humans, CD4+ memory T cells can be maintained for many years at levels similar to CD8+ T cells. Because we previously observed that the longevity of Th1 memory cell survival corresponded to their functional avidity, we hypothesized that secondary challenge, which enriches for high func...

Th1 and Th2 effector CD4+ T cells orchestrate distinct counterregulatory biological responses. To deliver effective tissue Th1- and Th2-type responses, Th1 and Th2 cell recruitment into tissue must be differentially regulated. We show that tissue-derived STAT1 controls the trafficking of adoptively transferred, Ag-specific, wild-type Th1 cells into the lung. Trafficking of Th1 and Th2 cells is ...

Committed T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 effector cells, resulting from chronic antigenic stimulation in interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-4, are implicated in the pathology of autoimmune and allergic diseases. Committed Th1 cells cannot be induced to change their cytokine profiles in response to antigenic stimulation and Th2 cytokine-inducing conditions. Here, we report that ectopic expression of GATA...

Abstract Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, due part to their distinct immune system, characterized by impaired induction T-helper 1 (Th1)□immunity. Here we describe cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF)-08, liposomal vaccine tailored induce Th1 immunity early life via synergistic engagement Toll-like Receptor 7/8 the C-type lectin recepto...

Abstract Most CD4 T cells primed by influenza A virus (IAV) express the transcription factor T-bet, Th1 ‘master regulator’, and are marked phenotypic functional hallmarks. The extent to which STAT1 STAT4 activation, both needed for maximal T-bet induction in vitro, required direct IAV-primed cell responses is not clear. Here, we transferred STAT-deficient (STAT −/−) or wildtype recognizing IAV ...