In this paper we present a novel approach for the recognition of offline Arabic handwritten text that is motivated by the Arabic letters’ conditional joining rules. A lexicon of Arabic words can be expressed in terms of a new alphabet of PAWs (Part of Arabic Word). PAWs can be expressed in terms of letters. The recognition problem is decomposed into two problems that are solved simultaneously. ...

In this paper, we compare two novel methods for part of speech tagging of Arabic without the use of gold standard word segmentation but with the full POS tagset of the Penn Arabic Treebank. The first approach uses complex tags without any word segmentation, the second approach is segmention-based, using a machine learning segmenter. Surprisingly, word-based POS tagging yields the best results, ...

This paper introduces a dual-mode stochastic system to automatically identify linguistic code switch points in Arabic. The first of these modes determines the most likely word tag (i.e. dialect or modern standard Arabic) by choosing the sequence of Arabic word tags with maximum marginal probability via lattice search and 5-gram probability estimation. When words are out of vocabulary, the syste...

We present in this paper an overview of realized works in the field of automatic segmentation of off-line Arabic handwriting. The Arabic writing is cursive in nature even printed or handwritten. The shapes of characters vary considerably according to their positions within the word. The word shapes change depending on whether letters are horizontally or vertically ligatured, i.e. superposed let...

In this paper, we have designed and implemented a system for building an Automatic Lexicon for the Arabic language. Our Arabic Lexicon contains word specific information. These pieces of information include; morphological information such as the root (stem) of the word, its pattern and its affixes, the part-of-speech tag of the word, which classifies it as a noun, verb or particle; lexical attr...

This paper provides a novel model for English/Arabic Query Translation to search Arabic text, and then expands the Arabic query to handle Arabic OCR-Degraded Text. This includes detection and translation of word collocations, translating single words, transliterating names, and disambiguating translation and transliteration through different approaches. It also expands the query with the expect...