Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has recently become popular in Japan. Prostate cancer is indisputably one of the main targets of IMRT. However, the current status and interfacility differences in dose-prescription policies for prostate IMRT are unknown. Therefore, a nationwide survey of 43 institutions that had implemented prostate IMRT was conducted by sending a questionnaire rega...

BACKGROUND Accurate tumor bed delineation after breast-conserving surgery is important. However, consistency among observers on standard postoperative radiotherapy planning CT is low and volumes can be large due to seroma formation. A preoperative delineation of the tumor might be more consistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the consistency of preoperative target volum...

PURPOSE To test a prone position against the international-standard supine position in women undergoing whole-breast-radiotherapy (WBRT) after wide-local-excision (WLE) of early breast cancer (BC) in terms of feasibility, set-up errors, and respiratory motion. METHODS Following WLE of BC with insertion of tumour-bed clips, patients underwent 4D-CT for WBRT-planning in supine and prone positio...

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of multileaf collimator width (MLC-W) on intraprostatic dose painting plans for prostate cancer.Prostate cancer maps based on the histopathological findings were superimposed onto simulation CT images. Clinical target volume (CTV) 1 was defined as the prostate and the base of the seminal vesicles, and CTV2 was defined as the dominant intrapros...

The impact of the treatment couch on a radiotherapy plan is rarely fully assessed during the treatment planning process. Incorporating a couch model into the treatment planning system (TPS) enables the planner to avoid or dosimetrically evaluate beam-couch intersections. In this work, we demonstrate how existing TPS tools can be used to establish this capability and assess the accuracy and effe...

The presence of complement clause constructions in child speech marks the beginning of the child’s entrance into the more complex aspects of grammar. Since complement clauses are lexically-specified, individual complement taking verbs (CTVs) must be tagged with information about the kinds of complements they can license; their acquisition suggests that children are beginning to elaborate the ar...

This article describes the make-up and activities of the Technical Vaccination Committee (CTV) that serves as the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) in France. Comprised of a variety of technical experts, the CTV makes recommendations concerning vaccination. The committee functions as an independent expert advisory committee, and its proceedings are confidential, although it...

Developing cavity-based supramolecular hydrogels is in its infancy because not many such hydrogelators are available. Reported herein is our creation of rigid cavitand cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) based hydrogelators from the molecular backbones of CTVs that were in limited cases shown to form organogels. For doing so deprotonable -COOH or protonable -NH(2) was introduced as terminal group into th...

BACKGROUND To define the clinical target volume (CTV) for radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS A prospective study was conducted to histologically evaluate the presence and the distance of microscopic extension (ME) for resected HCC on the basis of examination of whole-mount preparations of carcinoma tissue sections. RESULTS A total of 380 whole-mount slides...