in modern legal systems there are a variety of sources of law. judicial precedent is one of the legal sources; thus, precedents of supreme court, like enactments of parliament, are enforceable in courts. this similarity between precedents and acts impose many problems as role of supreme court in interpretation of   laws. but the most important problem is the possibility of changing previous pre...

as a rule, crimes are unforgivable. there fore, forgiveness has virtually no effect on criminal liability. it can only lead to a reduction in punishment . for crimes that are unforgivable, forgiveness can become perplexing and confuse legal authorities. the present paper attempts to discuss the complex dimensions of this issue including forgivable and unforgivable crimes, the court's respo...

the criminal matters is one of the important achievements of modern human right. the mentioned concept is also the initiative of european court of human rights and one of the important elements of the implementation of article 6 of the european convention on human rights. one of the main results of recognizing this concept is the fact that administrative and disciplinary violations that may not...

follower university students of imam khumaini reacted in 4/11/1979 and occupied the usa embassy in tehran in protest against the supporting of mohammad reza pahlavi by the usa to provide conspiracy like what happened as the coup in 18/8/1953 and interference of the spies and relation with the specious elements in iran to remove islamic republic of iran. the uas following the political failures,...

according to the articles 169 to 179 of the civil judgment enforcement law, the enforcement of the foreign judgment in the iranian law is based on the reciprocal act. but extension of international relations in the world today, above all in the commercial domain, requires that enforcement of foreign judgment be accepted after obtaining its correctness conditions based on res judicata. therefore...

of it, and he wages an unnecessary warfare against all the unessential details of special religion. We agree with Mr. Martin that all incidental features of religion should be treated as incidentals and the essentials should be made paramount ; we also agree with him that all error should be removed ; but for that reason we need not drop or decry or ridicule or abhor any of those special featur...

It is no exaggeration to say that no U.S. Supreme Court opinion has been more misunderstood and has had its arguments more misrepresented in the public square than Roe v. Wade (1973). 1 There seems to be a widespread perception that Roe was a moderate opinion that does not support abortion on demand, i.e., unrestricted abortion for all nine months for virtually any reason. Even a philosopher of...