Epidemiological studies conducted around the world have reported that the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is closely associated with income and educational attainment. However, geographic elements should also remain a major concern in further improving child health issues, since they often play an important role in the survival environment. This study was undertaken to investigate the relation...

The aim of this study was to geographically analyse the traffic casualties in pedestrians in downtown of Tehran City. Study population consisted of pedestrians who had traffic injury accidents from April 2014 to March 2015 in Tehran City. Data were extracted from the offices of traffic police and municipality. For analysis of environmental factors and site of accidents, Ordinary Least Square (O...

The spatial relationship between vegetation patterns and rainfall as well as its trend over the period 1985-2000 in the shrubland, grassland, and cropland of the Middle Kazakhstan was investigated with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) images (1985-2000) derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), and rainfall data from weather stations. The growing season rel...

Many major cities in the U.S. and throughout the world, including New York City, have areas where clusters of skyscrapers are present. Why do builders choose to build real estate with such height? And, how does the choice of height depend on characteristics of nearby buildings, demographics, and other spatial factors? Using a data set consisting of detailed information for 458 skyscrapers in Ne...

Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a local spatial statistical technique for exploring spatial nonstationarity. Previous approaches to mapping the results of GWR have primarily employed an equal step classification and sequential no-hue colour scheme for choropleth mapping of parameter estimates. This cartographic approach may hinder the exploration of spatial nonstationarity by inadeq...

Physical inactivity is a major modifiable risk factor for morbidity, disability and premature mortality worldwide. This study assessed the geographical variations in the impact of environmental quality on physical inactivity among U.S. adults. Data on county-level prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity came from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. County environment was meas...

Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is a way of exploring spatial nonstationarity by calibrating a multiple regression model which allows different relationships to exist at different points in space. Nevertheless, formal testing procedures for spatial nonstationarity have not been developed since the inception of the model. In this paper the authors focus mainly on the development of stat...

In Britain, the performance of all state primary schools is assessed by students’ attainment levels in a set of standardized tests administered to pupils at the ages of 7 and 11 (the so-called Key Stages 1 and 2, respectively). These data are analysed for 3687 schools in northern England. In particular, school performance is linked to the number of students taking the test at each school and to...

BACKGROUND Previous studies from the US and UK suggest that neighbourhood ethnic composition is associated with health, positive or negative, depending on the health outcome and ethnic group. We examined the association between neighbourhood ethnic composition and self-reported health in these groups in Amsterdam, and we aimed to explore whether there is spatial variation in this association. ...

BACKGROUND This paper analyses the relationship between public perceptions of access to general practitioners (GPs) surgeries and hospitals against health status, car ownership and geographic distance. In so doing it explores the different dimensions associated with facility access and accessibility. METHODS Data on difficulties experienced in accessing health services, respondent health stat...