TheO(N) symmetric scalar quantum field theory with λΦ4 interaction is discussed in the Gaussian approximation. It is shown that the Goldstone theorem is fulfilled for arbitrary N .

The process of functional adaptation after extensive small bowel resection is complex and imprecisely understood. In vivo electrophysiological measurements for monitoring the functional adaptive process after massive small bowel resection in Brown-Norway rats were evaluated. Rats underwent either a sham operation (SH) or a 90% small bowel resection (SB). Standard rat chow was fed in unlimited q...

Three slow-release preparations of theophylline have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for "once-daily" dosing indications, amid controversy regarding the appropriateness of this decision. Because of specific concerns regarding data submitted to the FDA in support of the first of these products to be approved, Theo-24, we examined the absorption characteristics ...

Teaching a musical code to a parrot: Frequency discrimination and the concept of rhythm in a Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) Music competence and perception should be considered in evaluating human cognitive processes, unfortunately, evolutionary onset of music is still unclear. Although connections between human language and other animal communication patterns remain limited and controversia...

Resolution of binary mixtures of theophylline (THEO), montelukast (MKST) and loratadine (LORA) with minimum sample pre-treatment and without analyte separation has been successfully achieved by multivariate spectrophotometric calibration, together with partial least-squares (PLS-1), principal component regression (PCR) and hybrid linear analysis (HLA). Data of analysis were obtained from UV-Vis...

Conducting pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in pregnant women is challenging. Therefore, we asked if a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model could be used to evaluate different dosing regimens for pregnant women. We refined and verified our previously published pregnancy PBPK model by incorporating cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 suppression (based on caffeine PK) and CYP2D6 induction (based on...

In the present study, we prepared solid dispersions of water-insoluble and soluble drugs (ethenzamide (ETZ) and theophylline (THEO)) by the twin screw extruder method, which made it possible to control both kneading and heating at the same time under the fusion point of each drug, using three types of the controlled-release high-molecular-weight substance Carbopol (CAR) as the carrier. The soli...

BACKGROUND Previous studies evaluating spirometric values and symptoms have shown that once daily theophylline administered in the evening produces greater stabilisation of the airway function in asthmatic patients than the prototype theophylline given twice a day. The aim of this study was to compare the effects on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine of an ultrasustained release theophyll...