This article studies the problem of evil in Abrahamic religions and philosophical traditions, and tries to restate their solutions in a contemporary language. The author aims at affirming traditional Abrahamic approaches to theodicy that preserve divine omnipotence, benevolence, and omniscience, but without denying the reality of evil.

Abstract In a comparative study of karma theodicy and atonement theodicy, as developed by some Hindu Christian theologians, this article argues that they present teleological visions where individuals become purged, purified, perfected in through their worldly suffering. A operates with the notion there is form proportionality between past evil suffering, even if such correlations can only be t...

Abstract In June 2022, Christopher Southgate delivered the Boyle Lecture for that year at St Mary‐le‐Bow, in City of London, on theme evolutionary theodicy. This article contains text short talk and vote thanks response evening.

The essential idea of Leibniz's Theodicy has become one the organizing themes modern mathematics. Many phenomena are possible locally but for purely mathematical reasons impossible globally. For example, it is to build a spiral staircase that rising at any given point, not all points and comes back where started. necessity mathematically provable, so subject exception by divine power. Modern ma...