The low conversion efficiency of solar cells produces large amounts of thermal energy to the cells, and with an increase in the temperature of solar cells, their electrical efficiency decreases. Therefore, a hybrid photovoltaic thermal system improves the overall efficiency of the system by adding thermal equipment to the solar cell and removing excessive heat from these cells. In this paper, w...

in this study multivariate statistical analysis are used to characterize relationships between hydrochemical properties ofthermal and non-thermal springs. four factors for thermal waters and two for non-thermal springs were extracted basedon factor analysis. in thermal springs, the first factor showed high loading on ca, mg, na and k and this factor wasinterpreted as leaching of cations in the ...

Air pre-cooling equipment is normally being employed in air-conditioning systems for pre-cooling the ambient outdoor air to enhance the air-conditioning systems performance. In this study, the potential of a passive water-to-air heat pipe based heat exchanger (HPHEX) for air pre-cooling purpose in air-conditioning systems for the high cooling load demanding regions of Iran was investigated. To ...

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The activity concentrations of 234U and 238U in thermal groundwater, deep well water and river water samples from Central Poland were determined. Concentration of 234U and 238U in the examined waters varied from <0.013 (LLD) to 16.8 mBq/dm3 and from <0.013 (LLD) to 45.5 mBq/dm3 respectively. The highest uranium activity concentrations were measured in the thermal groundwater from Mszczonow and ...

We investigate the response of bulk liquid water to a temperature gradient using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the thermal gradient polarizes water in the direction of the gradient, leading to a non-negligible electrostatic field whose origin lies in the water reorientation under nonequilibrium conditions. The dependence of the magnitude of the electrostatic fi...

The effects of heat acclimation on water intake and urine output responses to thermal dehydration and other thirst stimuli were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were heat acclimated by continuous exposure to a 34°C environment for at least 6 weeks. Thermal dehydration-induced thirst was brought about by exposing the heat-acclimated rats and control rats housed at 24°C to a 37.5°C envir...

CONCLUSIONS In order to confirm these preliminary results, a prospective double-blind study has been instituted in Padova University ENT Section to compare the efficacy of sulphurous-arsenical-ferruginous thermal water nasal irrigations vs isotonic sodium chloride solution nasal irrigations after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis. OBJECTIVES Despite their widespread us...

Success of a reinjection process depends on the method used for estimating the thermal -ugh time. Estimating the thermal breakthrough time may be based solely on tracer data. Alternatively. it may be estimated solely by using thermal interference tests. While the tracer method usually yields ambiguous estimates, thermal interference tests are infeasible because durations of these tests are simi...