This paper studies the problems of mathematical description of physical processes in open non-equilibrium atmosphere. It is proposed that the mathematical description should be based on the idea that properties of an open system are determined by the properties of its elements and external constraints. It is also explained why atmosphere should be represented by an open non-equilibrium system o...

Within the Tsallis thermodynamics framework, and using scaling properties of the entropy, we derive a generalization of the Gibbs-Duhem equation. The analysis suggests a transformation of variables that allows standard thermodynamics to be recovered. Moreover, we also generalize Einstein's formula for the probability of a fluctuation to occur by means of the maximum statistical entropy method. ...

The development of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes is outlined with a review of recent work and a discussion of the application of these concepts to physicochemical, biological and hydrodynamic phenomena. The extension of local thermodynamics to include a theory of stability and of fluctuations receives attention. The author concludes with remarks on the stability properties of che...

The thermodynamics properties of globally neutral dense stellar matter are analyzed both in terms of mean field instabilities and structures beyond the mean field. The mean field response to finite wavelenght fluctuations is calculated with the realistic Sly230a effective interaction. A Monte Carlo simulation of a schematic lattice Hamiltonian shows the importance of calculations beyond the mea...

Volumetric techniques were employed to study the adsorption of CO2 on a purified multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT’s) sample, as a mesoporous material, at isothermal conditions of 288, 293 and 298 K and pressures ranging from 30 to 150 kPa. Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips equations were used to represent the isotherms. Also the parameters of these fitted isotherm models have been determined. The ...

in this paper, we are going to improve the energy efficiency of an industrial c 3 mr base load lng plant by changing its refrigerant components and its mole fractions in liquefaction and subcooling cycles based on the cooling curves generated in the main liquefaction and subcooling heat exchangers. later on, selection features of the elements will be discussed. first, non-optimized c 3 mr plant...

Since it is impossible to measure the thermodynamics properties of all systems in nature, we must rely upon mathematical models to extrapolate the available experimental data. In order to develop such models, very accurate experimental data are necessary for selected complex mixtures, such as those that exist in natural gas. For this reason researchers must collect the most important and fundam...

In biochemical thermodynamics, the apparent equilibrium constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions have been represented by K’=Kref10 f(pH), where Kref is a reference chemical reaction, n is the number of hydrogen ions in the reference reaction, and f(pH) is a function of pH that brings in the pKs of the substrates. This equation suggests that hydrogen ions are involved in two different ways in bi...

Thermodynamic data are often used to calibrate or test amomic-level (AL) force fields for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In contrast, the majority of coarse-grained (CG) force fields do not rely extensively on thermodynamic quantities. Recently, a CG force field for lipids, hydrocarbons, ions, and water, in which approximately four non-hydrogen atoms are mapped onto one interaction site, ...

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the structures, energies and thermodynamics of(GaN)4 clusters and it is the subject of many experimental and theoretical studies because of theirfundamental importance in chemical and physical process. All calculation of this study is carried outby Gaussian 98. Geometry optimization for (GaN)4 nanocluster are be fulfilled at B3LYP, B1LYPan...