A key function of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is to generate predictions based on prior experience (Bar, 2009). We propose that these MTL-generated predictions guide learning, such that predictions from memory influence memory itself. Considering this proposal within a context-based theory of learning and memory leads to the unique hypothesis that the act of predicting an event from the curr...

That goal illustrates the main point of the report: that is, paper parks occur when there is ineffective management. If management could be made more effective — primarily through identifying and addressing the threats that face each protected area — then paper parks would be changed into effective parks. “The immediate threats to...protected areas are in turn the result of several underlying c...

WHEN WE TALK, WHO IS LISTENING? We did an experiment to figure out what happens when we hear ourselves make a slip of the tongue – we will call it a speech error. The participants in our experiment talked through a microphone and wore headphones, which we used to play back what they said while they were talking (there was almost no delay, so they heard each word through the headphones at the sa...

Willingness to communicate (WTC) construct plays an important role in second language (L2) teaching and learning. Almost any second language learner is likely to respond to a direct question, but many will not continue or initiate communication. The present study investigates Pakistani undergraduate students' perception of their willingness to initiate communication in English across four types...

Effective telecommunications capabilities can be imperative to facilitate immediate recovery operations for serious disaster events, such as, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, and terrorist attacks. Disasters can happen any time, any place, unexpectedly. Quick response for recovery operations requires immediate access to any public telecommunications capabilities at hand. These capabilities incl...

Abstract. Verbs may be attributed to higher agency than other grammatical categories. In Study 1, we confirmed this hypothesis with archival datasets comprising verbs ( N = 950) and adjectives 2115). We then investigated whether (vs. adjectives) increase message effectiveness. three experiments presenting potential NGOs (Studies 2 3) or corporate campaigns (Study 4) in verb adjective form, demo...