Difunctionalizing carboxylation of alkynes with CO2 is a sustainable and important strategy to generate valuable acrylate derivatives from both readily available starting materials. Such protocols, however, always suffer the use excess metallic reagents transition metal residue. Herein, we report first thio-carboxylation thiophenols CO2, which visible-light-driven metal-free process. In contras...

We synthesised and toxicologically characterised the arsenic metabolite thiodimethylarsinic acid (thio-DMA(V)). Successful synthesis of highly pure thio-DMA(V) was confirmed by state-of-the-art analytical techniques including (1)H-NMR, HPLC-FTMS, and HPLC-ICPMS. Toxicological characterization was carried out in comparison to arsenite and its well-known trivalent and pentavalent methylated metab...

Proarrhythmia has been observed with the antipsychotic agent thioridazine (THIO). The mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. The objectives of this study were 1) to characterize the effects of THIO on cardiac repolarization and 2) to determine whether lengthening of the Q-T interval could be explained by blocking major K+-repolarizing currents. Isolated, buffer-perfused guinea pig hea...

Thio-dimethylarsinic acid (thio-DMA(V)) has recently been identified as human metabolite after exposure toward both the human carcinogen inorganic arsenic and arsenosugars, which are the major arsenical constituents of marine algae. This study aims to get further insight in the toxic modes of action of thio-DMA(V) in cultured human urothelial cells. Among others effects of thio-DMA(V) on eight ...

Thiolated chitosan (Thio-CS) is a well-established pharmaceutical excipient for drug delivery. However, its use as a scaffold for bone formation has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Thio-CS in bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) delivery and bone formation. In vitro study showed that BMP-2 interacted with the Thio-CS and did not affect the swelling ...

We have shown recently that the azathioprine metabolite 6-Thio-GTP causes immunosuppression by blockade of GTPase activation in T lymphocytes. In the present study, we describe a new molecular mechanism by which 6-Thio-GTP blocks GTPase activation. Although 6-Thio-GTP could bind to various small GTPases, it specifically blocked activation of Rac1 and Rac2 but not of closely related Rho family m...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cd(NCS)(2)(C(9)H(13)N)(4)], consists of one Cd(II) cation located on a centre of inversion, one thio-cyanate anion, one 3-tert-butyl-pyridine ligand and one 4-tert-butyl-pyridine ligand in general positions. The tert-butyl group of the 4-tert-butyl-pyridine ligand is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.25:0.75 ratio and was refined using a split ...

Density-functional and semiempirical quantum methods and continuum dielectric and explicit solvation models are applied to study the role of solvation on the stabilization of native and thio-substituted transphosphorylation reactions. Extensive comparison is made between results obtained from the different methods. For the semiempirical methods, explicit solvation was treated using a hybrid qua...