Najdi society was formed of a mixture the desert and settled areas, despite their presence in same area coexistence, nature each them is different from other, Bedouin used to constantly migrate search resources water that it needs its life. Their lives were characterized by constant competition, frequent movement, instability as result permanent conflicts which strong dominate weak. Force remai...

in the world history, from ancient times up to now, the plague has been followed by heavy casualties on human societies and social order. one of the deadliest plagues is the great plague of the middle ages, or so-called black death. this plague, in the eighth and ninth ah (fourteenth and fifteenth century ad) swept over some large areas of asia, especially the middle east, as well as europe, an...

This paper presents an astronomical study of a sample ancient cairns, stelae and burials at the cairnfield Xiis (Heis) in Somaliland, historic centre long-distance trade between different cultures. The analyses reveal set significant orientations that relates to seasonal movements region’s nomads, which are believed have remained unchanged for millennia. structures, date from first third centur...

the practice and study of medicine in persia has a long and prolific history. the ancient iranian medicine was combined by different medical traditions from mesopotamia, egypt, india, china and greece for more than 4000 years and merged to form what became the nucleus and foundation of medical practice in the european countries in the 13th century. the iranian academic centers like jundishapur ...