Hydrogen generation technologies have become increasingly important due to recent attention focusing on fuel cells. The water-gas shift reaction, which is performed in two stages as highand low-temperature shift, is of central significance to produce highpurity hydrogen. Generally, the high-temperature water-gas shift reaction (HTS) is conducted on Fe-Cr catalysts. However, these catalytic syst...

Due to limited sources of natural uranium, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) has sought thorium (Th) as an alternative source of nuclear fuel. India has one of the largest deposits of natural Th in the form of monazite in Kerala. The currently known Indian Th reserves amount to 155,000 GWe-yr of electrical energy and can meet the energy requirements during the next century and beyond. Thorium-2...

This report investigates the use of solvent-solvent extraction for the secondary concentration of lead and thorium. The extraction reagents investigated in this report are: For the lead extraction: diethlyammonium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDDC) For the thorium extraction: trioctylphosphinc oxide (TOPO) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric add (HDEHP). For all of the extractions 2-octanone was used as...

This paper analyzes several prevalent misconceptions about nuclear fuel cycles that breed fissile uranium-233 from thorium. Its main conclusions are: a Uranium-233, despite the gamma radioactivity of associated isotopes, is a rather attractive material for making fission bombs, and is a credible material for subnational as well as national groups to use for this purpose. e "Pure" thorium cycles...

One of the great advances in current evolution nuclear power reactors is occurring India, with Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR). It a reactor that uses thorium as part its fuel, which two fueling cycle options, conjunction plutonium or low enriched uranium, produces energy at commercial level, generating less actinides long half-life and inert oxide, leads to an optimization proportion produ...

The extraction of thorium from aqueous solution was studied using the organic extractant trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) dissolved in cyclohexane. The parameters affecting the extraction, determination and stripping of Th (IV) included type of extractant, shaking time, extractant concentration, pH, aqueous to organic phase ratio (A/O), temperature, certain interfering ions and stripping agents....

Thorium-carbon systems have been thought as promising nuclear fuel for Generation IV reactors which require high-burnup and safe nuclear fuel. Existing knowledge on thorium carbides under extreme condition remains insufficient and some is controversial due to limited studies. Here we systematically predict all stable structures of thorium dicarbide (ThC2) under the pressure ranging from ambient...

It has long been known that thorium-232 is a fertile radioactive material that can produce energy in nuclear reactors for conversion to electricity. Thorium-232 is well suited to a variety of reactor types including molten fluoride salt designs, heavy water CANDU configurations, and helium-cooled TRISO-

India has entered in the field of spent fuel reprocessing as early as sixties by way of R&D studies and finalising the process flow sheet. India's first spent fuel reprocessing plant was commissioned in the year 1965 at Trombay to reprocess spent fuel arising from research reactors. The recovered plutonium is being utilised to feed various programmes of the department. With the passage of time,...