We have been incrementally adding data-driven methods into the Deep Thought logic tutor for the purpose of creating a fully data-driven intelligent tutoring system. Our previous research has shown that the addition of data-driven hints, worked examples, and problem assignment can improve student performance and retention in the tutor. In this study, we investigate how the addition of these meth...

Depictive expressions of thought predate written language by thousands of years. They have evolved in communities through a kind of informal user testing that has refined them. Analyzing common visual communications reveals consistencies that illuminate how people think as well as guide design; the process can be brought into the laboratory and accelerated. Like language, visual communications ...

The studies reported here have been concerned with the programming of a digital computer to behave in a way which, if done by human beings or animals, would be described as involving the process of learning. While this is not the place to dwell on the importance of machine-learning procedures, or to discourse on the philosophical aspects,1 there is obviously a very large amount of work, now don...

This is a case study in problem-solving, representing part of a program of research on complex information-processingsystems. We have specified a system for finding proofs of theorems in elementary symbolic logic, and by programming a computer to these specifications, have obtained empirical data on the problem-solving process in elementary logic. The program is called the Logic Theory Machine ...

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This article discusses a proposal for reform in thinking, grounded on Heisenberg’s principle of uncertanty, Chew’s bootstrap theory and Bohm’s implicated order. By synthetizing all three grounds together, it is concluded that thought ought to be turned the uncertainty phenomena. Behind lies an order, which mantains interactive pattern with onself, others world.