Understanding the morphological anatomy of the root and root canal systems of the teeth increases the success rate of endodontic therapy. Advanced diagnostic imaging techniques like cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are an essential aid in understanding the anatomy of teeth especially in mandibular premolars. Most commonly mandibular first and second premolars have a single root and a single...

INTRODUCTION It is imperative that the endodontic surgeon be knowledgeable of the anatomic dimensions of the surgical site. If cone-beam computed tomography is not available because of location/cost, it is prudent for the clinician to consult a knowledge base for the surgical site. An understanding of the root thickness of maxillary premolars and molars at the preferred level for root resection...

A mandibular fi rst molar with two distal roots is an interesting example of anatomic variation. This paper describes case reports of mandibular fi rst molar with three roots (one mesial and two distal) and four canals (two in mesial and one in each distobuccal and distolingual root). The canals were shaped with protaper rotary fi les and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hyochlorite, 0.2 %w/v of chl...

This aim of this study was to evaluate the root apex of mandibular premolars regarding the presence of main and accessory foramina. The root apexes from fifty extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The apical openings had their diameter measured and were identified as main or accessory foramina. Double blinded and calibrated examiners a...

a mandibular second premolar with four canals is an interesting example of anatomic variations. this report describes a case of a mandibular second premolar with three roots and four canals (one mesiobuccal, two distobuccal and one lingual). the canals were prepared using k-files and irrigated with naocl (5.25%) and normal saline as the final irrigant. the canals were filled laterally with gutt...

Detecting dental calculus is clinically challenging in dentistry. This study used typodonts with extracted premolar and molar teeth and simulated gingival tissue to compare the performance of differential reflectometry and periodontal probing. A total of 30 extracted teeth were set in an anatomical configuration in stone to create three typodonts. Clear polyvinyl siloxane impression material wa...

introduction : the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of bilateral three-rooted mandibular first and second molars in indian population. materials and methods: a total of 215 patients were screened bilaterally for mandibular first and second molar and 430 samples of periapical radiographs were obtained. the gender, symmetry, and prevalence of three-rooted mandibular fir...

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to use CBCT look into the root canal morphology maxillary premolars in a Saudi Arabian subpopulation and associate results existing classifications. Methods sample size for analysis 500 right left untreated first second with fully formed roots from 250 residents (125 male 125 female). following observations were made using on teeth related: (1...