The participation of scapula motion in arm movement is clinically well known and recent three dimensional (3D) analyses using kinematic techniques have confirmed its importance. Scapular motion relative to the thorax has a theoretical maximum of 6 degrees of freedom (DoF), resulting from rotations at both clavicular joints (3 rotational DoF each). However, most recent kinematic studies have onl...

Arthroscopy is not as commonly performed at the shoulder as at the knee, but in both cases distension of thejoint by injection ofsaline is used to facilitate insertion of the arthroscope. At the knee the prominence of bony landmarks makes injection a simple procedure. The shoulder is deeply situated and more difficult to palpate, so that inadvertent injection of saline into the soft tissues aro...

AIM The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of structural shoulder pathology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three groups of older people: those with current shoulder pain, those with a previous history of shoulder pain and those with no history of shoulder pain, within a community-based sample. METHODS Thirty subjects (10 within each of the three groups) participated ...

Postoperative function and recurrence rates are reportedly similar following open and arthroscopic procedures for recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder. However, various studies have reported greater restriction of shoulder mobility with open stabilisation. Sixty-two patients with post-traumatic recurrent anterior instability of the shoulder underwent anatomic reconstruction of the cap...

Background & Aims: Precise muscle activity pattern is required to maintain normal shoulder function and any alteration in muscle activity can result in movement impairment. The purpose of this study was to assess normalized electromyography (EMG) of shoulder muscles during selected functional tasks of upper limb in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Test group consisted of 15...

There are few published data on the ranges of available motion at the shoulder and no clinical technique for the assessment of three dimensional movement. An electromagnetic movement sensor (Isotrak), which makes three dimensional measurements of shoulder movement and measures the ranges of flexion, extension, abduction in the neutral position, abduction preceded by external rotation, and inter...

She described her shoulder pain as 5/10 in intensity, aching to sharp, mainly on the anterior and lateral aspect of the shoulder but radiating to the arm. The pain was intermittent, relieved by rest and aggravated by movement. Range of motion was decreased compared to the contralateral side, and she was unable to actively abduct her left arm above 90 degrees secondary to pain, which also reduce...

Based on the current literature, it remains unclear whether electromyographic onset of the deep fibers of the multifidus (DM) is dependent on the direction of shoulder movement and the position of the center of foot pressure (CFP). In the present study, we re-examined the electromyographic onset of the DM during shoulder flexion and extension and investigated the influence of the CFP position b...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of using freehand three-dimensional ultrasound to measure scapular rotations (internal/external, upward/downward, anterior/posterior). The scapular position in 22 healthy, nondisabled individuals was imaged three times in four testing positions of interest (arm at rest and humeral elevation in the sagittal, frontal, and scapular planes...