Hand plates with preaxial polydactyly from 13 human embryos of the Carnegie stages 17-23 were examined macro- and microscopically. Morphological features in early pathogenesis of preaxial polydactyly are (1) an abnormal extension and a delayed involution of the apical ectodermal ridge on the preaxial border of the hand plate in stages 17 and 18, (2) a precocious development of an interdigital n...

We are pleased to see the great interest that our study on thumb duplication has generated among the community of pediatric orthopedic surgeons. We read this Letter to the Editor with great enthusiasm as it reflects some of the interesting aspects that are still under discussion in our field. We are happy to advance the discussion on thumb duplication as it may enhance our knowledge and provide...

Ulnar dimelia (mirror deformity) is a rare dysontogenetic deformity of the upper limb caused by an embryonic disturbance of the developing limb bud. It is characterized by two ulnae, the duplication of the ulnar halves of the carpus, metacarpals and phalanges, with the absence of the radius and thumb. It is commonly unilateral. This anomaly may be associated with shoulder dislocation, fibular d...

Preaxial polydactyly is the most common duplication pattern in white and Asian populations (1). It is a congenital anomaly with a wide range of manifestations. Current classification do not have the capacity to classify all different types of radial polydactyly. We describe here a very rare and unusual case of bilateral preaxial polydactyly (triplication) in a woman and report the operations re...

Three cases in which congenital carpal fusion was associated with formation deficiencies of the hand are presented. In two patients with a lunate-triquetral and a capitate-hamate-trapezoid coalition, respectively, an ulnar deficient hand was also diagnosed. A subdivision of the first type of ulnar club hand deformities is proposed. Other skeletal anomalies included duplication of a phalanx and ...

radial polydactyly, the most common digital duplication in asian and white populations, has a wide range of manifestations. its classification is useful for planning and assessing surgical treatment. our patient had four thumbs, duplicated radial carpal bones, and a bifurcated radius. this presentation is not covered by any of the current classifications. to the best of our knowledge, this is t...

this deformity is often reffered to as thumbclutched hand, but a better term is the congenital clasped thumb. the congenital clasped thumb is associated with several well-de-fined syndromes, although it may also present as an isolated abnormality. weckesser, reac, and heiple called it a syndrome and divided the syndrome in to four groups. in group i, the thumb is deficient in extention only. in...

In this study, removal of a transitional object (pillow) was applied as the sole intervention for one of two siblings who sucked their thumbs. The intervention was applied only to the older sibling, whereas data were collected on the thumb sucking of both participants. Results indicated that removal of the transitional object for the older sibling reduced thumb sucking in both siblings and incr...