This paper presents an experimental investigation of the evolution of the leading-edge vortex and spanwise flow generated by an insect-like flappingwing at a Reynolds number relevant to flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FMAVs) (Re =∼ 15000). Experiments were accomplished with a firstof-its-kind flapping-wing apparatus. Dense pseudo-volumetric particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements from 1...

Cine films of brown pelicans flying in formation were used to measure altitudes and wing tip spacing (WTS, distance perpendicular to the flight path between wing tips of adjacent birds at maximum span) for birds flying in ground effect, and vertical displacements and WTS for birds flying out of ground effect. Views were near coplanar with the plane of flight paths, and maximum wing span was use...

Broadbills in the genus Smithornis produce a loud brreeeeet during a distinctive flight display. It has been posited that this klaxon-like sound is generated non-vocally with the outer wing feathers (P9, P10), but no scientific studies have previously addressed this hypothesis. Although most birds that make non-vocal communication sounds have feathers with a shape distinctively modified for sou...

The article examines the approaches of French presidential candidates from right-wing and center-right parties regarding migration problem. All “right-wing” candidates, mentioned in this article, prioritize their election programs need to solve problem by radical means. France is facing a continuing increase number migrants North African countries and, as result, an Muslims France. Such process...

Of the three wings, the most strongly tapered λ = 0.2 wing will have by far the smallest tip deflection ratio δ/b. This is mostly due to its larger root chord giving a greater local stiffness, although its smaller root bending moment factor of 0.100 also contributes. Such inherent stiffness allows the strongly tapered wing to have a larger span than the others, giving it a potentially lower ind...

Insect wings are deformable structures that change shape passively and dynamically owing to inertial and aerodynamic forces during flight. It is still unclear how the three-dimensional and passive change of wing kinematics owing to inherent wing flexibility contributes to unsteady aerodynamics and energetics in insect flapping flight. Here, we perform a systematic fluid-structure interaction ba...

In the present paper we describe the CAGD part of an effort that aimed at the unification of the whole geometric preprocessing that preceded the wind tunnel readings with a realistic air-plane wing model in a recent research project. This preprocessing includes the automated generation of the CAD models which were used for the manufacturing of the multi-parted wing-fuselage configuration and th...