COPERT is a globally used software tool used to calculate air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions produced by road transport, and its scientific development is managed by the European Commission. The software estimates all types of emissions including hot running, start, evaporative and non-exhaust (tire wear, brake wear). Previous studies showed that a similar software used in Australia nee...

In automatic highway systems, a faster response and a robust braking system are crucial part of the overall automatic control of the vehicle. This paper describes electromagnetic brakes as a supplementary system for regular friction brakes. This system provides better response time for emergency situations, and in general keeps the friction brake working longer and safer. A modified mathematica...

Traction control system (TCS) comprises the slip control subsystem and the directional stability subsystem. The slip controller can enhance the traction performance by maintaining the slipratio within a proper range. Additional information about the lateral behavior of the vehicle is necessary to enhance the directional stability during the cornering or lane change on the slippery roads. With a...

Abstract This article describes determining methods of metal emissions in the composition small particles coming by brake mechanisms details and tire wear as a result vehicle movement, dust to be formed comparative analysis on asphalt-concrete roads different compositions. A significant contributor particulate matter cities is traffic-related sources. Traffic-related can divided into exhaust re...

One of the great enemies of rubber compounds is heat. Heat will cause chemical and physical degradation of vulcanized rubber as well as a considerable loss in its strength. A major source of heat generation in a tire is due to internal friction resulting from the viscoelastic deformation of the tire as it rolls along the road. Another source of heat generation in a tire is due to its contact fr...

A nonlinear model consisting “yaw, roll, longitudinal, lateral and pitch” has been developed in which, tire and suspension characteristics have been considered. Tire model is based on the elliptic concept and tire Calspan data. According to this tire model, cornering force and aligning moment are computed as a function of slip and camber (inclination) angles, normal load, tire adhesion characte...

in this study, a simulation of tire–soil interaction model was considered with special view to two-dimensional (2-d) fem model of carcass. coefficients of mechanical behavior of silty-loam soil were accurately measured to obtain an effective simulation. the results of simulation which was implemented in matlab7, showed that the radial-ply tire had greater tractive efficiency than bias tire at t...